黄土高原不同耕作措施下AM真菌的多样性  

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different agricultural practices in Loess Plateau in China

作　　者：高萍[1] 闫飞扬 蒙程[1] 李芳[1] 段廷玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第10期1917-1923,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费自由探索项目(860343);教育部博士点基金新青年教师项目(20110211120032);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1208RJZA270)

摘　　要：本研究分析了冬、夏两季黄土高原耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、耕作+秸秆覆盖(TS)及免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)4种不同耕作措施下土壤中AM真菌的多样性。夏季共分离鉴定出AM真菌4属12种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)8种,多孢囊霉属(Diversispora)1种,巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)2种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种;冬季共分离鉴定出AM真菌3属11种,均属于夏季分离AM真菌;冬、夏两季,球囊霉属在各耕作措施下所占比例均为最大,且优势种均为聚丛球囊霉(G.aggregatum)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledonium)和极大巨孢囊霉(G.gigantea)。冬、夏两季,NT处理下土壤中AM真菌多样性最高,T处理下AM真菌多样性最低,4种耕作措施下AM真菌的群落组成丰富度表现为NT>NTS>TS>T。以上研究表明,耕作措施对AM真菌的多样性产生了显著影响。Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）widely distributes in the cropland system,and plays an important role in soil structure maintenance and nutrition absorption.Agriculture practices such as tillage,fertilizer and crop rotation can easily affected AM fungi.In the present study,soil samples from different agricultural farming practices,including tillage（T）,no-tillage（NT）,tillage＋stubble return（TS）and no-tillage＋stubble return（NTS）in the field of the Loess Plateau were collected in summer and winter to analysis the biodiversity of AMF.The results showed that 12 AM fungal species belonging to 4genera were isolated and identified in summer soil samples.Specifically,there were 8 Glomus,1 Diversispora,2 Gigaspora,1 Scutellosporaspecies.Eleven AM fungal species belonging to 3genera were isolated and identified in winter soil samples and all these 11 AM fungal species had been present in soil samples.Glomus was the most dominant genera across the treatments and G.aggregatum,G.caledoniumand G.gigantea were the most dominant species both in summer and winter soils of the all treatments.AM fungi diversity decreased in the following order NTNTSTST.Farming practices and season could have significant impacts on AMF diversity.

关 键 词：从枝菌根真菌 多样性 耕作 免耕 秸秆覆盖 季节 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]