海南岛木薯主产区产量差及限制因素分析  

Analysis of Cassava Yield Gap and Its Limiting Factors in Main Production Areas of Hainan Island

作　　者：梁海波[1,2] 黄洁[1] 韩全辉[1,3] 陈冬冬[4] 肖鑫辉[1] 安飞飞[1] 薛茂富[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所农业部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南儋州571737 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]海南省白沙黎族自治县农业科学研究所,海南白沙572800 [4]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2016年第10期1863-1871,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：基金项目 国家现代木薯产业技术体系的栽培管理岗(No.CARS-12-hnhj);白沙综合试验站(No.CARS-12-bshqh)

摘　　要：为分析海南岛木薯主产区产量的限制因素,找出缩减产量差的途径。研究调查海南岛木薯主产区典型乡村木薯种植管理情况,确定各级木薯产量差,从种植密度、连作年数、养分管理、产投结构等方面分析产量差的贡献因素。结果显示：不同产量等级间木薯产量差异显著,基于高产农户的产量差YGT、高产纪录的产量差YGB、模型模拟的产量差YGM分别为15.59、30.98、37.82 t/hm^2;25%最低产农户平均种植密度和连作年数均高于其余农户,其K2O总施用量、基肥中N、K2O的施用量及追肥中K2O的施用量均低于其余农户;现有管理水平条件下,N、P2O5、K2O对产量差的贡献率分别为6.3%、11.0%、6.3%,达到高产高效施肥水平的农户仅4.69%-6.45%;产投结构中,产量达到65.15 t/hm^2时产投比最大,此后随产量增加,报酬递减,人工成本尤其收获成本是最大限制因素。缩减木薯产量差的途径为合理密植,减少连作年数,增施钾肥,调整基追肥比例,增施氮钾基肥,追肥增钾,为节约劳动力成本,推广全程机械化,尤其是收获环节。This study aims to analyze the limiting factors on cassava yield and find measures to decrease its yield gap in the main growing regions of Hainan Island. Based on the investigation of the cassava cultivation in typical villages in the major cassava producing areas, different levels of yield gap were calculated, and then the main contribution to yield gap was analyzed from these aspect, including planting density, continuous cropping, nutrient management and economic investment and output. Cassava yield gap was significantly different among the three levels, in which, the high-yield farmer＇s yield gap YGT, best farmer＇s yield gap YGB, modeled yield gap YGM,was 15.59, 30.98, 37.82 t/hm^2, respectively. Average planting density and continuous cropping years of 25% the lowest yield farmer were higher than those of other farmers, also it＇s N and K2O amount for basic fertilization,K2O amount for top-dressing fertilization and the total K2O amount were lower than those of other farmers. Under the current management level, contribution rate of N, P2O5 and K2O to the yield gap was 6.3%, 11.0% and 6.3%,respectively, only 4.69%-6.45% of the farmers reached a high yield and high efficiency. In composition of production and investment structure, the yield to investment ratio was maximum when the yield reached 65.15 t/hm^2,after that, it showed diminishing returns with the increasing of yield, and the cost of labor, especially spending on the harvest, was the maximum limiting factors on the yield. Reasonable planting density and decreased continuous cropping years, more potassium fertilizer, adjusted the ratio of basic fertilization and top-dressing fertilization, more nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer for basic fertilization and more potassium fertilizer for top-dressing fertilization,and advanced mechanization replacing for labor should be spread in all cassava production, especially the harvest link.

关 键 词：木薯 海南岛 产量差 种植密度 连作年数 养分管理 产投结构 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]