干旱胁迫对4种棕榈植物幼苗光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Influence of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes of Four Species of Palm Seedlings

作　　者：阮志平[1] 唐源江[2] 曾美涓 

机构地区：[1]福建省厦门市园林植物园,福建厦门361003 [2]华侨大学园艺系,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2016年第10期1914-1919,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：厦门市科技项目(No.3502Z20144071)

摘　　要：以4种棕榈植物幼苗为试材,通过盆栽控水试验,研究了干旱胁迫对其光合特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着干旱程度加剧,4种棕榈植物的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(E)均呈逐渐下降趋势,但下降幅度在不同种及不同胁迫处理之间存在差异。在轻度干旱胁迫下,气孔限制是皇后葵和砂糖椰子Pn下降的主要原因,而东澳棕和圆叶蒲葵Pn下降的主要原因是非气孔限制因素;在中度和重度干旱胁迫下,4种棕榈植物Pn下降的主要原因均为非气孔限制因素。4种棕榈植物的平均水分利用效率(WUE)依次为皇后葵>东澳棕>砂磄椰子>圆叶蒲葵。轻度干旱胁迫下4种植物的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均高于对照,中度和重度胁迫下均低于对照。复水后各处理均可恢复达对照水平。4种棕榈植物以皇后葵抗干旱能力最好,其次为东澳棕和砂糖椰子,圆叶蒲葵最差,对干旱环境最为敏感。A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different drought stress（normal irrigation, light drought, moderate drought, and severe drought） on the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzymes of the seedling in four species（Syagrus romanzoffiana, Carpentaria acuminata, Arenga pinnata and the activities of Livistona rotundifolia） of Palmaceae family. The results showed that their net photosynthetic rate（Pn）, stomatal conductance（Gs）, and transpiration rate（E）, compared with those under normal irrigation, gradually decreased with increasing drought stress. However, the reducing rates were different among the four species and different treatments. The intercellular CO2concentration（Ci） decreased, and the stomatal limitation value（ Ls） increased under light drought stress in S. romanzoffiana and A. pinnata, thus the decrease of their Pn was mainly caused by stomatal limitation. But when Ci increased, and Ls decreased under the same stress in C. acuminata and L.rotundifolia, therefore the decrease of these Pn was mainly caused by non-stomatal limitation. However, the Ci increased while Ls decreased under moderate and severe stress in the four species, thus decrease of all Pn examined was mainly caused by non-stomatal limitation. Water use efficiency（ WUE） of the four species was： S.romanzoffianaC. acuminataA. pinnata L. rotundifolia. Superoxide dismutase（SOD）, peroxidase（POD）, and catalase（ CAT） activities of the four species increased under light drought stress, decreased under moderate and severe drought stress, and renewed their activities to the level of normal irrigation after re-watering in all treatments.Thereby, S. romanzoffiana possessed the. strongest capability against drought stress among the four species, then C.acuminata and A. pinnata, and lastly L. rotundifolia although L. rotundifolia possessed the best sensitivity to the drought environment.

关 键 词：棕榈植物 干旱胁迫 光合作用 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]