清末民初的纪年变革与历史时间的重构  

The Calendar Reform and the Rethinking of Historical Time in Late Qing and Early Republic China

作　　者：朱文哲[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学 [2]邮编:710061

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2016年第4期67-79,共13页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“民国时期官定历书研究”(15CZS038)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：清末民初的纪年变革,促使中国传统时间观念发生了革命性变化:单向线性时间观念确立,统摄古今中西的历史时间框架得以形成。新的历史时间使人们的历史意识发生巨大变化:将历史演变视为时间均质单向流动的过程,削弱了历史事件在"循环"历史进程中的重要意义和借鉴作用;断裂的历史时间因为逐次排比的历法时间获得了连续性,历史片段之间因果关系的探求,使得线性的历史叙事与历史时间得以有机融合。在历史书写当中,通过联通古今中西的"世界时间"架构,"统一"演进的历史时间序列得以建立,并为中西历史比较提供了前提和条件,但这种以西方文化和西方历史为底色的时间架构,也成为清末民初时人们展开历史想象与历史书写的内在规定。During the late Qing and early Republic period,the calendar reform launched by the government caused a sea change in one's concept of time. In the main,it established the linear view of time change and developed a universal time concept by merging Chinese and Western calendars. This new concept of time also caused a significant change in one's historical outlook; people began to see that history moves along a one directional time framework. As such,it undermined the traditional view of history which tended to emphasize the value of history as a mirror; or that historical events could move cyclically in different historical times and that past events could occur again at present and in the future. The new concept of time enabled one to explore causal relations among various seemingly unrelated events and appreciate the idea of continuity in history. Since now there appeared also a universal time,historians in their writings strove to search out and display a universal pattern of historical evolution,giving rise to the study of comparative history. Meanwhile,this concept of time also delimited one's historical imagination and circumscribed how history is written for the years to come.

关 键 词：清末民初 纪年 历史时间 历史书写 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]