试论柯林武德的“一切历史都是史学史”  

A Preliminary Discussion on R.G.Collingwood's “All History is History of History”

作　　者：王利红[1,2] 王丰收[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学马克思主义学院 [2]邮编:100101 [3]厦门大学台湾研究院 [4]邮编:361005

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2016年第4期80-89,共10页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“19世纪欧洲浪漫主义史学思想研究”(14BSS001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："一切历史都是史学史",是柯林武德在他的《历史的观念》一书中提出的一个重要命题,它与"一切历史都是思想史"共同构成了其历史哲学的两大支柱。然而长期以来,这一命题并没有引起学界的足够重视。事实上,只有把这两个命题结合起来,我们才能真正读懂柯林武德的历史哲学。从"一切历史都是史学史"这个命题出发,本文以历史是历史学家依照现在的证据对过去的推论这一观点,论证了历史的观念性和现实性;以"我"的同一性和差异性为基础,论证了思想史与史学史的同一,表明了历史的主体性和思想性,进而论证了历史重演论的必然性和可行性;从历史的概念出发,以反思为中介,论证了柯林武德历史哲学的先验性和辩证性;最后,结合当下史学理论发展的趋势,表明"一切历史都是史学史"这一命题蕴含的思想资源和认识论价值,有助于我们更好地理解当代史学理论界对历史编纂和学术史的重视。In his posthumous and expanded Idea of History,R. G. Collingwood posits,in addition to his idea of'all history is the history of ideas,'another important presupposition that 'all history is really history of history,'which becomes,the authors here argue,another pillar of Collingwood's idea of history. This presupposition is not as well known as his emphasis on 'all history is the history of ideas. 'However,as this article contends,it is necessary to consider both before one can develop a full understanding of Collingwood's philosophy of history. Focusing on the idea of 'all history is history of history,'this paper discusses how the historian gains knowledge of the past through partial evidence,showing the presentness of historical study. It also discusses the similarity and difference between the history of ideas and history of history,emphasizing history's autonomy and idea-ness,which serve as the base for understanding the possibility for history to repeat itself. It then moves onto reflecting Collingwood's 'a priori'and dialectics embedded in his philosophy of history. The paper ends with some discussion on the significance of Collingwood's 'all history is history of history ' in historical epistemology,contending that it deserves attention among historiographers and historical theorists.

关 键 词：柯林武德 史学史 历史的观念 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]