论分析技术哲学的可能进路  

On Possible Approaches to an Analytical Philosophy of Technology

作　　者：吴国林[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学科学技术哲学研究中心

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2016年第10期29-51,202,共23页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：2011年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"当代技术哲学的发展趋势研究"(批准号11JZD007)资助

摘　　要：技术人工物的二重性研究纲领是分析技术哲学研究中的重要理论。该纲领把技术人工物所具有的物理的和意向的两种性质,转变为结构与功能的二重性。为克服技术人工物的结构与功能之间的关系——"难问题",需要从技术人工物的二重性转向系统性。要素、结构、功能和意向构成了技术人工物的四因素系统模型。核心要素、核心结构和专有功能构成了技术人工物的内在性质。当技术人工物的内在性质相同,它就具有全同性。除了非充分决定标准和实现限制标准之外,技术人工物的本体论标准还须增加要素限制标准和环境限制标准,以便使结构与功能之间有更大的确定性。技术的本质是理性的实践能力。技术陈述的意义(实践意义)与意谓(有效值)统一于有效性。技术知识具有一定的结构。在技术人工物的下向分解中,分到不能再分的要素,就是技术原子,它是原子结构与原子功能的统一。基于技术原子和技术人工物的系统模型,可以建立结构描述与功能描述之间的技术逻辑,并实现形式化。A research program on the dual nature of technological artifacts represents an important theoretical approach to an analytical philosophy of technology.Such a program sees the physical and intentional qualities of technological artifacts as a duality of structure and function.To overcome the 'tricky question' of the relations between structure and function,one needs to move from the dual nature of such artifacts toward systems.Elements,structures,functions and intentions constitute the innate qualities of technological artifacts.When these innate qualities are the same,the technological artifacts are identical.Apart from the criteria of under-determination and realization constraints,the criteria of factor constraints and environmental constraints must also be added to the ontological criterion of technological artifacts,to give greater certainty between structure and function.The essence of technology is the capacity for rational practice.The meaning(in the sense of practice) and signification(as effective value) of the technological statement unite in effectiveness.Technological knowledge has a certain structure.In the downward decomposition of technological artifacts,elements that cannot be further decomposed are technological monads,which unite monadic structure and function.On the basis of a systemic model of technological monads and technological artifacts,a technological logic can be set up between the structural and the functional statement,realizing formalization.

关 键 词：技术人工物 分析技术哲学 全同性假设 技术陈述 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]