美国决策机制与智库的关系暨对借鉴“旋转门”制度的思考  

The Relationship Between the National Decision-making Mechanism and Think Tanks in the United States, and the Reflection on the “Revolving Door” System

作　　者：张骏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共政策研究院,广州510640

出　　处：《智库理论与实践》2016年第5期56-63,共8页Think Tank:Theory & Practice

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"决策咨询制度与中国特色新型智库建设研究"(项目编号:14JZD023)研究成果之一

摘　　要：[目的 /意义]美国国家决策机制与智库的关系对于我国正在高速发展的智库行业具有一定的参考价值,而其颇具特色的"旋转门"制度是否适合借鉴到我国也是颇具争议性的议题。[方法 /过程]从美国决策中牵涉的权力边界和程序特征入手,本文分别梳理了美国内政和外交决策的核心机制,进而探究了决策层与智库的关系,并最终阐述了"分赃制"与"旋转门"共生并存的关系。[结果 /结论]美国的政治生态客观上极大繁荣了其智库行业,而以"旋转门"为突出特征的人员交换机制又使得智库以一种极其有利的姿态嵌入了美国的国家决策机制。但是有必要看到"旋转门"由"分赃制"所成就,就中国的实际情况来看,借鉴该制度还需要许多条件。[Purpose/significance] While the relationship between the national decision-making mechanism and think tanks in the United States is referable for China＇s rapidly growing think tank industry, the ＂revolving door＂ system has been controversial in China in terms of institutional transplantation. [Method/process] By understanding the power boundary and the procedural design in the United States, this paper reviewed the country＇s decision-making mechanism on both domestic and foreign policies. On top of that, this paper explored the relationship between the power core and think tanks, and finally expounded the coexistence of the ＂spoils system＂ and the ＂revolving door＂. [Result/conclusion] The political ecology of the United States has greatly prospered its think tank industry. Since the ＂revolving door＂ plays the most prominent feature of the personnel exchange between power and wisdom, think tanks in the United States have been embedded into the national decision-making mechanism with very favorable patterns. However, the system of the ＂revolving door＂ is eventually achieved by the ＂spoils system＂, which distances itself from the Chinese reality.

关 键 词：美国智库 决策机制 分赃制 旋转门 国务卿 国家安全顾问 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]