典型规模化畜禽养殖粪污处理工艺的温室气体减排  

Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction among Typical Livestock Manure Treatment Processes

作　　者：王荣昌[1,2] 李赛超[1,2] 王楠[1,2] 赵建夫[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学生物膜技术研究所污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092 [2]同济大学环境科学与工程学院长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2016年第21期137-142,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAJ21B01)

摘　　要：利用《联合国气候变化框架公约》清洁发展机制(CDM)理事会推荐的温室气体排放核算方法,重点比较了厌氧+氧化塘工艺、厌氧+缺氧+好氧+膜生物反应器(AOMBR)工艺、两级厌氧+氮磷回收+生物-生态协同工艺对畜禽粪污的处理效果及温室气体的减排量。结果表明,当畜禽粪污处理量为69.8 t/d时,三种工艺对COD的去除率分别为83.9%、91.5%和98.5%,对氨氮的去除率分别为56.9%、88.5%和99.4%,温室气体减排量(以CO2计)分别为9 805.3、9 688.5和10 491.5 t。这三种工艺中,厌氧消化单元对温室气体减排的贡献最大,达到6 467.3 t,而第三种工艺采用两级厌氧单元进一步强化了温室气体的减排,后续生物-生态处理单元虽然对温室气体减排贡献的占比较低,但对保障出水稳定达标排放起着重要作用。因此,在畜禽养殖粪污处理过程中,建议充分利用厌氧单元来回收甲烷能源,同时在沼液处理过程中设置氮磷回收和生物-生态协同处理单元,达到出水稳定达标排放和温室气体最大限度减排的目的。The greenhouse gas （GHG） emission calculation methods recommended by Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （ UNF- CCC） were used to compare GHG emission reduction among three livestock manure treatment processes including anaerobic/oxidation pond process, anaerobic/anoxic/oxic/membrane bioreactor （AOMBR） process and two-stage anaerobic/nitrogen-phosphorus recovery/bio-ecological process. The results indica- ted that when the treatment capacity of livestock manure was 69.8 t/d, the removal rates of COD by the three processes were 83.9%, 91.5% and 98.5%, respectively, and the removal rates of ammonia nitro- gen by these three processes were 56.9%, 88.5% and 99.4%, respectively. The values of GHG emis- sion reduction （CO2 equivalent） in the three processes were 9 805.3 t, 9 688.5 t and 10 491.5 t, respectively. The anaerobic units of all the three processes contributed most to the GHG emission reduc- tion, up to 6 467.3 t CO2 equivalent, which was enhanced by the two-stage anaerobic unit in the third process. Although the bio-ecological unit had lower contribution to GHG emission reduction, it was es- sential to ensure that the effluent quality could meet the discharge standards. Therefore, it is recommen- ded that the anaerobic unit should be sufficiently utilized to recover methane, and the nitrogen-phosphor- us recovery unit and bio-ecological unit should be installed to achieve excellent effluent quality and mini- mize GHG emission reduction in livestock manure treatment process.

关 键 词：畜禽粪污 处理工艺 温室气体减排 厌氧消化 氮磷回收 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]