漆器的发现与成长:从史前到战国  

The discovery and growth of lacquer:from prehistory to Warring States Period

作　　者：张飞龙[1] 吴昊 

机构地区：[1]西安生漆涂料研究所,陕西西安710061 [2]湖北荆州文物保护中心

出　　处：《中国生漆》2016年第3期22-28,共7页Journal of Chinese Lacquer

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑计划项目。项目编号:2014BAL07B02

摘　　要：中国是一个漆器之国,漆器和髹漆技术是中国古代的一大发明。我们的祖先在与大自然的亲密接触和抗争中发现了桼的奥秘,创造了漆器,使其能够为人类的生活需要服务,开漆器文化发展之滥觞。跨湖桥文化遗址出现的漆弓,堪称世界上最古老的漆器,距今8000年。浙江河姆渡文化遗址出土的朱漆木碗,是目前所见最早的朱髹漆器标本。马家浜文化时期出现了彩绘漆器,良渚文化时期出现了嵌玉漆器,彩绘艺术精彩,达到了史前漆器艺术的高峰。先秦时期,漆器艺术已趋成熟,漆器品种之杂,数量之多,造型之美,纹样之繁,色彩之绚,制作之精,工艺之巧,器物之美,分布之广,都远远超过了前代。青铜工艺和治铁技术的出现,促进了漆器制胎技术的革命,漆器手工业无论在数量、品种以及制作技术诸方面,都有了长足的进步,出现了普及化、日用化、生活化、情趣化的趋势。China is a country of lacquer. Lacquer and lacquer technology is a great invention in ancient China. Our ancestors in the surviving struggle and close contact with nature found the mystery of lacquer,created lacquer ware for the service of human life,started original lacquer culture. Lacquer bow excavated from Kuahuqiao Site is the world’s oldest lacquer,dating back 8,000 years. Red lacquer bowls unearthed from Zhejiang Hemudu cultural site is the earliest Zhu painted lacquer ware. Painted lacquer ware from Majiabang culture period,jade inlaid lacquer painting art from Liangzhu culture period,are exquisite art,and reach the peak of prehistoric lacquer art. Lacquer art became mature in The Qin Dynasty. The varieties of hybrid lacquer,the number of objects,complex patterns,the color of Xuan,the fine production,craft technology,beauty of objects,and the wide distribution,far surpass former dynasties. The emergence of Bronze craft and Metallurgic technology promoted the revolutionary of lacquer ware technology. Progress had happened in many aspects,such as quantity,variety and technology of production. Lacquer ware tended to become popular daily necessities,and fun art.

关 键 词：漆器 生漆 文化 史前 先秦 历史 

分 类 号：J527[艺术—艺术设计]