本草基因组学  

Herbgenomics

作　　者：陈士林[1] 宋经元[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]中国医学科学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2016年第21期3881-3889,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81130069);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAI29B01)

摘　　要：中医药学对世界医药学发展作出了巨大贡献,随着现代科学技术的发展,特别是人类基因组计划的提出和完成,对人类疾病的认识和治疗开启了全新篇章。在此背景下,笔者将组学技术引入中药学研究,提出本草基因组学(Herbgenomics)学科概念,即利用组学技术研究中药基原物种的生物遗传信息及其调控网络,阐明中药防治人类疾病分子机制的学科,从基因组水平研究中药及其对人体作用的前沿科学。主要内容涉及结构基因组、功能基因组、蛋白质组、转录组、代谢组、表观基因组、宏基因组、药用模式生物、基因组辅助分子育种、DNA鉴定、中药合成生物学、中药基因组学、生物信息学及数据库等理论与实验技术。本草基因组学为中药药性研究提供理论基础,为中草药次生代谢产物的生物合成和代谢工程提供技术支撑,为中药配伍研究提供科学依据,指导药物开发及合理用药,为实现个体化精准医疗提供重要信息和技术保障,为中药道地品种改良和基因资源保护奠定基础,推动中药农业的科学发展,对培养多学科人才充实到传统药物研究具有引领作用。本草基因组学正促进前沿生命科学技术应用到中药领域,对中药现代化进程具有重大战略性科学意义。Traditional Chinese medicine（ TCM） has contributad greatly to improving human health. However,the biological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of human diseases remain largely unknown. Genomics plays an important role in modern medicine and biology. Here,we introduce genomics and other related omics to the study of herbs to propose a new discipline,Herbgenomics,that aims to uncover the genetic information and regulatory networks of herbs and to clarify their molecular mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Herbgenomics includes herbal structural genomics,functional genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabonomics,epigenomics and metagenomics. Genomic information,together with transcriptomic,proteomic,and metabolomic data,can therefore be used to predict secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways and their regulation,triggering a revolution in discovery-based research aimed at understanding the genetics and biology of herbs. Herbgenomics provides an effective platform to support chemical and biological analyses of complex herbal products that may contain more than one active component.Herbgenomics is now being applied to many areas of herb related biological research to help understand the quality of traditional medicines and for molecular herb identification through the establishment of an herbal gene bank. Moreover,functional genomics can contribute to model herb research platforms,geoherbal research,genomics-assisted herb breeding,and herbal synthetic biology,all of which are important for securing the future of medicinal plants and their active compounds. In addition,Herbgenomics will facilitate the elucidation of the targets and mechanism of herbs in disease treatment and provide support for personalized precise medicine. Herbgenomics will accelerate the application of cutting-edge technologies in herbal research and provide an unprecedented opportunity to revolutionize the use and acceptance of traditional herbal medicines.

关 键 词：本草基因组学 基因组学 组学 中药 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]