河北省集约化养殖场畜禽粪便中重金属含量及变化特征  

Contents and Characteristics of Heavy Metals in the Livestock and Poultry Manure from the Large-scale Farms in Hebei Province,China

作　　者：茹淑华[1] 苏德纯[2] 张永志[3] 张国印[1] 耿暖[1] 孙世友[1] 王凌[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院环境科学与工程系,北京100193 [3]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2016年第6期533-539,共7页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：河北省自然基金项目(C2013301066);河北省农林科学院项目(A2015130301);国家自然基金项目(41271488);河北省科技计划项目(15227511D;14397502D)

摘　　要：通过对河北省全省区域典型集约化养殖场的主要畜禽粪便采样,分析测定畜禽粪便中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Hg、Ni 8种重金属含量并进行数据分析,结果表明河北省集约化养殖场畜禽粪便中8种重金属的含量(中位值)均符合德国腐熟堆肥标准和中国有机肥料标准,但数据离散且呈偏态分布。按德国腐熟堆肥标准和中国有机肥(NY 525—2012)的标准,河北省畜禽粪便的Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As超标率分别为41.73%、50.39%、31.50%、5.51%、0.79%、7.87%、4.63%和12.60%。鸡粪重金属超标率顺序为Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>As>Cd>Pb>Hg,其中,Cu、Zn、Cr超标率分别为22.22%、40.74%和33.33%。猪粪重金属超标率顺序为Cu>Zn>Cr>As>Ni和Cd,其中,Cu、Zn、Cr和As超标率分别为80.43%、78.26%、30.43%和21.74%,Pb和Hg不超标。牛粪重金属超标率顺序为Cr>Hg>Zn,其他重金属均不超标。按施用量15 t·hm^(-2)推算出猪粪、鸡粪和牛粪的最严格土壤安全施用年限分别为26、79年和207年。因此,施用集约化畜禽粪便有机肥带来的环境风险需要引起足够的重视。The different types of livestock and poultry manure, including pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure were collected from the typical large-scale farms in Hebei Province and heavy metals contents in the samples were analyzed. The results showed that the median contents of heavy metal Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Hg and Ni in the livestock and poultry manure were below the limitations of Manure Composition of Germany and Organic Fertilizer of China（NY 525—2012）. However, according to the limitations, the exceeding rates of the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg and As in the livestock and poultry manure were 41.73%, 50.39%, 31.50%, 5.51%, 0.79%, 7.87%,4.63% and 12.60%, respectively. The order of the exceeding rates for heavy metals in chicken manure was Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Ni〉As〉Cd〉Pb〉Hg.The exceeding rates of the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr in chicken manure were 22.22%, 40.74% and 33.33%, respectively. The order of the exceeding rates for heavy metals in pig manure was Cu〉Zn〉Cr〉As〉Ni/Cd and the contents of other heavy metals did not exceed the limitation. The exceeding rates of the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr and As in pig manure were 80.43%、78.26%、30.43% and 21.74%, respectively. The order of the exceeding rates for heavy metals in cow manure was Cr〉Hg〉Zn and the contents of other heavy metals did not exceed the limitation. Estimated on the application rate of 15 t·hm^（-2）, the safety application years of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure were 26, 79 years and 207 years, respectively. Therefore, the livestock and poultry manure from large-scale farms should been disposed before used.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 重金属 特征 含量 河北省 

分 类 号：S141.2[农业科学—肥料学]