基于景观指数的吉林省西部土地类型变化及驱动因子分析  

The land types change and driving factor analysis of western of Jilin province based on landscape index

作　　者：张大伟[1] 王新亮 包广道[1] 付世萃[3] 周旭昌 孙悦[1] 王东娜[3] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省林业科学研究院,吉林长春130033 [2]诸城市相州镇农业综合服务中心,山东潍坊262212 [3]吉林省林业调查规划院,吉林长春131200 [4]汪清县林业局,吉林延边133200

出　　处：《吉林林业科技》2016年第6期41-47,共7页Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：吉林省财政厅公益项目"基于遥感技术的吉林省中西部地区防护林生态服务功能评估研究";吉林省财政厅公益项目"吉林省西部新开水田防护林良种选育技术研究";吉林省科技发展计划"吉林省西部水田防护林防风效能作用机理研究"(201205065);国家林业局计划项目"三北防护林体系建设工程水土流失治

摘　　要：以吉林省西部地区1984年和2014年2期Landsat遥感影像数据为基础,利用景观格局指数定量分析土地景观格局动态变化,结果表明:相对于1984年,2014年景观格局指数以耕地、盐碱地和草地三种景观类型为优势景观,三者面积占研究区总面积85%以上,其中耕地的各项斑块类型指数均有显著上升,在景观格局中的作用逐渐增大;其他景观类型呈无规则、补丁状或岛状分布。景观密度指数与形状指数上升,说明景观破碎化程度加剧,斑块形状愈加复杂;均匀度指数增加,说明景观向多元化方向发展;蔓延度指数增加,说明景观连通度增大;景观多样性降低,说明异质性减弱。盐碱地、沙地荒漠化土地面积为209.77万hm2,占研究区总面积(509.22万hm2)42.64%,生态环境脆弱。人类不合理开荒放牧是土地荒漠化形成的重要驱动因子。The land landscape pattern dynamic changes were analysis quantified by using landscape pattern index based on1984 and 2014 2nd Landsat remote sensing image data of western of Jilin province. The result showed that cultivated land,saline and alkaline land and grassland were taken as advantage landscape to 2014 landscape pattern index compared with 1984. The area of the three parts accounted for 85 %of the whole area of research area. The each plaque index of cultivated land ascended significantly. Its effect of landscape pattern gradually increased. The other landscape pattern presented irregularity,patch shape and island shaped.The landscape density index and shape index increased demonstrated that the extent landscape fragmentation intensified and plaque shape became complicated. The evenness index increased demonstrated that the landscape developed toward diversification. The spread degrees increased demonstrated that landscape connectivity enlarged. The landscape diversity decreased demonstrated that heterogeneity weakened. The area of saline and alkaline land,sandy desertification land were 2. 097 7 million hectare which accounted for42. 64 % of whole area( 5. 092 2 million hectare) of research area. The ecological environment was fragile. The important driving factor of desertification was unreasonable forest grazing by human.

关 键 词：景观指数 吉林省西部地区 Landsat卫星遥感影像 景观类型 驱动因子 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]