土石坝漫顶溃决模型的分析比较  

Comparative analysis of models for overtopping-induced earth-rock dam breach

作　　者：陈淑婧 王秋生[2] 于沭[1] 王洪洋[2] CHEN Shujing WANG Qiusheng YU Shu WANG Hongyang(Department of Geotechnical Engineering, China Institute of Water Resources Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院岩土工程研究所,北京100048 [2]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100124

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第5期406-411,共6页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2013CB036402);国家自然科学基金青年基金(51309260)

摘　　要：为解决由现场溃坝过程记录资料匮乏导致的大量土石坝漫顶溃坝模型得不到工程验证的问题,在分析总结17种土石坝漫顶溃决机理模型基础上,以唐家山堰塞坝1/3溃坝事故为工程背景,选取BREACH模型、DB模型和IWHR模型对其溃坝过程进行数值模拟,研究这3种模型计算得到的筑坝材料冲蚀速率、流量过程线和水位变化曲线与实测值的差异。应用BREACH模型研究了筑坝材料的黏聚力、内摩擦角、不均匀系数和孔隙率对流量过程线的影响。结果表明:(a)IWHR模型预测的洪峰流量最大,BREACH模型次之,DB模型最小;(b)与实测数据相比,DB模型和IWHR模型预测的峰现时间提前,BREACH模型预测的峰现时间推迟;(c)随着黏聚力和内摩擦角的增大,计算峰值流量减小,峰现时间延后;(d)随着孔隙率和不均匀系数的增大,计算峰值流量增大,峰现时间提前;(e)不均匀系数和孔隙率对溃坝计算结果的敏感性尤为显著。Due to the lack of detailed field data recording the dam breach process,most of the models for overtopping-induced dam breach analysis of earth-rock dams have not been fully validated. In view of this problem,17 models for analysis of mechanisms of earth-rock dam breach are summarized. The BREACH model,DB model,and IWHR model were used to simulate 1 / 3 of the accidents involving the Tangjiashan barrier dam breach,and the differences between measured and calculated results regarding the erosion rate of dam materials,discharge curve,and water level curve were analyzed. The influences of cohesion,the internal frictional angle,the non-uniformity coefficient,and porosity of dam materials on the discharge curve were studied with the BREACH model. The results show that the peak discharge predicted by the IWHR model is the highest,followed by those predicted by the BREACH model and DB model; the time,corresponding to the peak discharge,obtained by the DB model and IWHR model,is earlier than that obtained by measurement,while the corresponding time obtained by the BREACH model is later than that obtained by measurement; with the increase of cohesion and the internal frictional angle,the calculated peak discharge decreases and the corresponding time is delayed; with the increase of porosity and the non-uniformity coefficient,the peak discharge increases and the corresponding time comes earlier; and the nonuniformity coefficient and porosity have a significant influence on the calculated results regarding the dam breach.

关 键 词：土石坝 漫顶溃坝模型 参数敏感性分析 冲蚀速率 流量过程线 水位变化曲线 唐家山堰塞坝 

分 类 号：TV641[水利工程—水利水电工程]