优秀短道速滑运动员换项速度滑冰短距离项目优势的分析  

Analysis on the Excellent Short Track Speed Skaters' Aduantage after They Devoting to the Sprint Event of Speed Skating

作　　者：关荣鑫[1] 任可[1] 白莹[1] GUAN Rong-xin REN Ke BAI Ying(Physical Education Department of Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学体育部,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2016年第3期1-5,共5页China Winter Sports

摘　　要：根据项群理论速度滑冰与短道速滑均属同一周期性项群项目,有着相近的训练学特征,对于当今冰坛产生的"换项热"进行把控是相关学术工作者应作出的努力方向。由于两项均属于同类周期性项目,训练方法、滑行方式相似,运用文献综述法、问卷调查法、测试等方法从短道速滑与速度滑冰运动员身体供能方面进行入手研究;两个项目不同比赛形式所决定的供能方式在运动训练方面依照项目供能特点作为切入点进行论述分析。全面剖析短道速滑与速度滑冰运动供能方式特点,研究认为:短道速滑运动员要比速度滑冰运动员的无氧能力和混氧能力更加出色,这也是换项后在1 000 m、1 500 m无氧供能、混合型无氧供能项目更容易"出成绩"的原因之一。速度滑冰运动员的有氧代谢能力更加出色,建议广大教练员多借鉴一下短道速滑训练中常见的无氧训练方法与手段,尽可能提高速度滑冰运动员的无氧能力进而提高我国速度滑冰运动员1 00 m、1 500 m的滑跑成绩。According to the event-group theory, both the speed skating and the short track speed skating belong to the event-group of same periodic motion with similar training characteristics, so the related aca- demic worker should strive to control the trend from one event to others in the current skating world.Con- sidering the two events＇ same periodicity, similar training methods and skating mode, with the methods of litera^re review, questionnaire and test, starting from the skaters＇ physical energy supply, the paper discusses the two ones＇ energy supply characteristics based on their energy supply modes resting with dif- ferent competitive forms. After analyzing the two events＇ energy supply characteristics, it thinks that the short track speed skaters＇ anaerobic capacity and mixed-aerobic capacity are better, which resulting in their good performance in anaerobic events such as 1 000 m and 1 500 m and mixed-aerobic events after they devoting to the speed skating. The speed skaters＇ aerobic capacity is better, thus it suggests the coaches improving the speed skaters＇ anaerobic capacity as much as possible by having more experiences of the anaerobic methods and means of short track speed skating in order to developing the 1 000 m and 1 500 m events of Chinese speed skating.

关 键 词：项群 供能方式 短道速滑 速度滑冰 

分 类 号：G862.1[文化科学—体育训练]