发达国家经济服务业化趋势、发生机制及经济后果——以美国为例  

The Historical Trends,Mechanisms and Consequences of the Upgrading Industrial Structure of the West:The Case of United States

作　　者：苏立君[1] 王俊[1] 杨善奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院经济学系

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2016年第6期190-210,共21页China Review of Political Economy

摘　　要：服务业化是指一个国家服务业部门就业与增加值比重持续上升的现象。本文基于服务商品使用价值和价值属性,将服务业分为为物质产品生产服务的中间服务、为劳动力再生产服务的最终服务和纯粹非生产性耗费服务。研究发现,为物质产品生产服务的中间服务伴随"去工业化"过程与制造业在越来越小的规模上融合发展;为劳动力再生产服务的最终服务虽然吸纳就业较多,但分享的增加值份额却在下降;纯粹非生产性耗费,吸纳就业较少,但分享的增加值却不断上升,是畸形服务业化。畸形服务业化造成劳动者之间工资收入差距扩大、国家竞争力削弱以及虚拟经济压抑实体经济,是资本主义生产方式以资本家为主体的利益关系、以利润为主导的经济目标和以剩余产品为核心的价值导向造成的。因此,服务业化不等于产业高级化,不同类型服务业之间存在"优"和"劣"之分,片面追求服务业占比提高极易导致经济结构畸形化。中国应该推动优质服务业发展,避免落入"产业空心化"陷阱。The upgrading of the industrial structure refers to the phenomenon that the proportion of the employment and value added of the service sector continue to rise.Based on the property and the value of services,we divided the service sectors into three parts：the intermediate services for the production of material goods,the final services for the reproduction of the labor and the purely non-productive services.First,we found that,along with ＂de-industrialization＂process,the intermediate services＇scale was getting smaller.Second,although the final service sectors for the reproduction of the labor were creating more jobs,they shared less value added.Third,the purely unproductive sectors absorbed fewer employees,but shared more value added.Hence,the upgrading of the industrial structure was malformed.Deformity caused by the expansion of the service sector widen the wage gap between workers,weaken the country＇s competitiveness as well as expand the virtual economy which suppresses the real economy.These were caused by capitalist-oriented interest relationship,profit-oriented economic goals and surplus-product-oriented tendency.Therefore,the service sector dominant does not equivalent to upgrading the industrial structure.Services can be good or bad.Only the good service sector can increase employment and improve the employability of workers and the quality of life and share the fruits of economic growth.China should promote the development of service industry with high quality,to achieve a real sense of the promotion of industrial structure.

关 键 词：服务业化 服务业分类 产业升级 产业结构高级化 调结构 

分 类 号：F719[经济管理—产业经济]