基于不同土壤分类系统的土壤景观格局分析——以我国西北黑河流域中游地区为例  

The Landscape Pattern Analysis Based on Different Soil Classification System: A Case Study of Midstream of the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China

作　　者：邱霞霞 李德成[1] 赵玉国[1] 刘峰[1] 宋效东[1] 张甘霖[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2016年第5期1022-1031,共10页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371224;41130530;913253002;41201207)资助

摘　　要：对土壤景观格局进行的研究多是基于发生分类土壤图或通过参比转换得到的系统分类土壤图,尚无通过土壤系统分类调查直接得到的土壤图为基础进行相关研究的报道。本文依据目前可获得的我国西北黑河流域中游的20世纪80年代形成的发生分类土壤图和2012年及2013年通过系统调查采样形成的1︰50万系统分类土壤图,进行土壤景观格局分析对比。结果表明:无论系统分类还是发生分类,从类型水平来看,土壤的破碎化程度不高,被分割程度小、连通性高,土壤类型斑块形状偏简单;从景观水平来看,景观异质性较大,土壤类型数目较多,各土壤类型所占比例较均匀,土壤类型具有一定程度的积聚,土壤类型的连通度较高。与发生分类土壤图相比,系统分类的土壤类型斑块数较多,多样性指数和均匀度指数较高,蔓延度指数较低,说明在一定尺度和区域上,系统分类能更多地反映土壤类型空间上的差异,制图精度更高。The landscape pattern analysis was mostly conducted based on genetic soil classification map or soil taxonomy map which was obtained through reference conversion. There are few researches of landscape pattern based on soil taxonomy map directly. In this paper the landscape patterns based on both genetic soil classification map and soil taxonomy map were analyzed. The genetic soil classification map was made in 1980 s and soil taxonomy map was made based on the soil survey in 2012 and 2013. Results indicated that： 1） Both soil taxonomy map and genetic soil classification map showed that, with regard to class metric level, the extent of soil fragmentation was low, soil connectivity was high and the patches of soil were simple in shape. With regard to land metrics level, landscape heterogeneity was great, the number of soil types was large, the proportion of each soil type was relatively uniform and soil type had a certain degree of accumulation. 2） Compared to genetic soil classification map, the patche number in soil taxonomy map was greater, and the diversity index and evenness index were higher, but contagion index was lower. These results suggested that in a certain scale and area, soil taxonomy was better to reflect the spatial differences of soil types with higher mapping precision than genetic soil classification.

关 键 词：景观格局 土壤系统分类 土壤发生分类 黑河流域中游 

分 类 号：S155.1[农业科学—土壤学]