棉秆不同处理方式对滨海盐碱土理化性质和棉花产量的影响  

Effect of cotton straw returning after treatments on the physicochemical properties of coastal saline soil and the cotton yield

作　　者：吴从稳[1,2] 陈小兵[1] 单晶晶[1,3] 尹春艳[1,3] 袁玲 张立宾 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所海岸带环境过程重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [2]青岛海利尔药业集团有限公司,山东青岛266109 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]东营市科技情报研究所,山东东营257091

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2016年第5期96-104,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国科学院海岸带研究所部署项目"黄河三角洲陆海界面过程;生态演变与修复技术"(Y254021031);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200300-03);公益性行业(海洋)科研专项经费项目(201105020);中国科学院大学研究生社会调查资助专项(11910220008)

摘　　要：为了探讨棉秆不同处理方式对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土改良效果的影响,本试验对比棉秆直接粉碎还田(FC)和堆腐还田(FS)两种处理,分别设定不同还田量进行试验,并根据棉花不同生长时期对棉田土壤物理、化学指标进行对比分析。结果表明:FS、FC两种还田处理均能有效增加0~10 cm土层土壤孔隙度,降低土壤容重,且与还田量分别呈正相关和负相关;当还田量为9 t/hm^(2)时能有效增大土层粒度中黏粒和粉粒所占比重。FS比FC对棉花吐絮期表层(0~10 cm)p H值的降低效果更明显。两种还田处理的降盐效果显著,并随着还田量增大而不断加强。两种还田处理可以有效降低0~20 cm土层土壤中Na^+和Cl^-含量,而当还田量为9 t/hm^(2)时对降低0~10 cm土层中SO_4^(2-)含量及增加K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量的效果最为明显。两种还田模式均能显著增加土壤有机质含量,但差异性不大,FS较FC在增加全氮和速效钾含量方面效果显著,而在增加有效磷含量方面表现刚好相反。两种还田处理都可以有效增加棉花产量,且FS比FC的增产效果更好。棉秆还田利用不仅可以改善土壤的理化性质,也可以减少资源的浪费。In order to investigate the effect of cotton straw returning after,different amount of field trials,and cotton field soil physics,chemistry indicators were analyzed according to the different cotton growth periods. The results showed that both kinds of processing 0 ～ 10 cm soil layer increaseand reducet the same time the were respectively presented positively and negative correlation with the amount of returned straw. When the amount of farmland 9 t / hm^2,the proportion of clay and silt increased.p H of topsoil（ 0 ～ 10 cm） in cotton boll opening period. treatment were significantly reduc,and with increasing the quantity of returning. Returning process effectively reduce the in the soil. The effects of reducing SO4^- 2 content and increasing the content of K^＋,Ca^2 ＋and Mg^2 ＋in 0 ～ 10 cm soil layer were the most obvious when the amount of 9 t / hm^2. treaments significantly increase soil organic matter content. increasing soil total nitrogen and available potassium content,,but the effect on available phosphorus opposite. The two treaments effectively increase cotton production,and the FS better than th FC. Cotton straw returning not only improve soil physical and chemical properties but also reduce the waste of resources.

关 键 词：棉秆 滨海盐碱土 理化性质 黄河三角洲 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]