储氚球形压力容器中氚的渗透分析  

Analysis on tritium permeation in spherical pressure vessel

作　　者：尹益辉[1] 刘远东[1] 陈长安 谭云[1] YIN YiHui LIU YuanDong CHEN ChangAn TAN Yun(Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 National Defense Science and Technology Laboratory on Surface Physics and Chemistry, Mianyang 621907)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所,绵阳621900 [2]表面物理与化学国防科技重点实验室,绵阳621907

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2016年第10期1071-1078,共8页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：中物院中子物理学重点实验室基金(批准号:2014BB01);中国工程物理研究院重点学科项目"计算固体力学"资助

摘　　要：随着时间延长,储存在压力容器中的氚大部分衰变产生氦-3,极少部分通过容器内表面渗透到容器壁材料中.在容器壁中的氚又一边扩散直至通过容器外表面渗透到容器外,一边衰变产生氦-3滞留在壁中.渗透到容器外部的氚会污染环境,危害人身健康与安全,因此需要对其渗透量加以分析和防控.针对容器外表面为一般传质边界条件和容器内部氚为范德华气体的情况,同时考虑容器内部氚的衰变与渗透和容器壁中氚的衰变、扩散与渗透,建立了储氚容器中氚向容器外渗透的解析理论模型,导出了通过容器外表面的氚渗透总量和衰变后剩余量的理论公式.通过解析计算给出了容器外氚渗透总量和衰变后剩余量随时间的变化规律,以及氚渗透总量随容器外表面传质系数和容器壁厚的变化规律.与理论计算对应,开展氚储存实验与测试,对储氚容器外部密封包装容器内的氩保护气取样,采用正比计数器方法测量氚浓度,再换算得到了容器外氚的瞬态量.对比分析了解析计算结果与实测结果,表明了理论计算的合理性.所得到的氚渗透量随储存时间等参数的变化规律对储氚容器的设计具有理论指导作用.Most of the tritium quantity stored in a pressure vessel decays into helium-3 and a tiny part permeates the inner surface of the vessel and enters the wall material with time. The tritium in the wall material not only diffuses in the wall and till permeates out of the vessel through the outer surface, but also decays into helium-3 which remains in the wall. The tritium permeating out of the vessel can contaminate environment and harm human being＇s health and safety, therefore it is necessary to realize and control the permeation quantity. Directing at this situation that outer surface of the vessel is provided with general mass transfer boundary condition and the tritium inside the vessel is van der Waals gas, and taking simultaneously both decay and permeation of tritium within the vessel and decay and diffusion and permeation of tritium having permeated into the wall material into consideration, the theoretical model was developed and the theoretical formulas of total permeation quantity and surplus after decay of tritium were deduced. Through analytical calculation, the curves of total permeation quantity and surplus after decay of tritium versus time, total permeation quantity of tritium versus both convective mass transfer coefficient of the outer surface and the wall thickness of the vessel were plotted and related laws were revealed. Corresponding to the theoretical calculation, a tritium stored experiment was performed, the sample of protecting Argon gas which was between the tritium stored vessel and an outer closed container was extracted, and the tritium content was measured by using the method of proportional counter. Then, through conversion, the transient surplus after decay of the tritium out of the vessel was obtained. The analytical calculations data were compared with experimented measurement ones, which indicates the reasonability of theoretical analysis. The obtained laws that tritium permeation quantity changes with such parameters as time etc. are useful for theoretical design of tritium s

关 键 词：球形压力容器 氚衰变 渗透 扩散 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]