开放住区与步行城市  

The Open Community and the Walkable City

作　　者：魏皓严[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 [2]嗯工作室

出　　处：《住区》2016年第4期28-35,共8页Design Community

摘　　要：本文从对《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》里的第十六条所进行的形式解读开始,分析了现下流行的住区形制,指出占地1 6hm^2左右的封闭小区在"观念-技术-行政管理"三联巨系统的运转中起着必要作用,深刻影响了城市空间利益格局,与趋向于支路消亡的车行城市关系密切。接着列举了步行与车行行为(及其对应的空间形态)各自的八大特征和满足具有良好通达性的步行网络的九个设计要点与车行网络的六个要点,指出车行网络设计的六要点中因为车行速度的不同而存在着冲突性因素。进一步指出车行通达性与步行通达性之间存在着不可调和的矛盾,尤其在中高速车行与步行之间,二者有着明显的竞争与取代关系,而在全球范围内,车行网络明显占优,中国城市更甚。再接着借用"桃花源"这一古典概念,分析了门禁小区内公共绿地系统的状况对车行城市空间利益格局的呼应,认为需要将促进车行的恶性循环转变为利于步行的良性循环。最后点明本文的核心结论:开放住区的意义不在于开放,而是要将车行城市的形态模型改为步行城市的形态模型。This article started from the interpretation of Article 16 in Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction. It analyzed the popular layouts of current residential districts and pointed out the gated community with area of 16hm2 has played a necessary role in the operation of triple giant system ＂concept, technology and administrative management＂, affecting the urban spatial benefits layout and causing the vehicle-oriented city with local street system vanished. Secondly, the paper canvassed 8 characteristics of walking behavior and driving behavior corresponding to the spatial form, 9 key design points for good connectivity- accessibility in pedestrian network and 6 points in vehicle network respectively. We found that there are conflicts in the 6 points in vehicle network due to the different driving speeds. Further more, these two irreconcilable contradictions of connectivity-accessibilities are competitive and replaced, especially in the middle-high speed driving and walking. But vehicle network is dominant both in the world and China. We used the classical concept of Peach Colony to analyze how the green land system in the gated community responding to the urban spatial benefits layout of vehicle-oriented city. It suggested that the vicious circle of vehicle interests should be changed to virtuous circle of pedestrian first. The final conclusion is that the core meaning of open community is not ＂open＂, but changing the urban morphology from vehicle- oriented city to walkable city.

关 键 词：门禁小区 空间利益格局 车行城市 通达性 步行城市 城市形态 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU984.191