从“五卅”到“三一八”的中国知识界——以北京、上海为中心  

The Chinese Intelligentsia between the May Thirtieth Movement and the March Eighteenth Movement:Centered on Beijing and Shanghai

作　　者：郑师渠[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,教授。北京100875

出　　处：《历史研究》2016年第5期109-126,共18页Historical Research

摘　　要：五卅运动到三一八运动,拉开国民大革命的序幕。二者都不仅仅是单纯的学生运动,而是国民广泛参与的社会政治运动,其中于中国社会深具影响力的知识界,主要包括新闻界与教育界的加盟,举足轻重。新闻界在经历了从惊恐漠然到愤然而起短暂的转变过程后,全力以赴投身运动,为国人的抗争提供至关重要的舆论阵地。知识界在学识素养、社会地位、组织能力、人脉关系及应世经验诸方面,均非尚不成熟的学生界能比,故在运动中起到了独特和重要的作用;在联合战线瓦解、时移势异的三一八运动中,这一点愈加突显。而其时知识界内部的分裂,则表明历史场景正发生由对外交涉向对内政拷问的深刻转换,原有党派系别不同政治诉求间之鸿沟,因之再现;换言之,三一八运动将国民革命这一时代的课题,以急迫的形式进一步提到了国人的面前。The period between the May Thirtieth Movement of 1925 and the March Eighteenth Movement of1926 formed the prelude to the Chinese National Revolution.These movements involved not just students but a broad swathe of the Chinese population in social and political activity.The intelligentsia—mainly made up of the press and educational circles—were highly influential in Chinese society,and their role was decisive.Briefly stunned into passivity,the press rapidly moved to a fervor of indignation,throwing itself behind the movements and providing a key forum for public opinion on the Chinese struggle.The immature students were no match for the intelligentsia in terms of level of cultivation,social position,organizational skills,personal connections and experience of the world,so the latter played a uniquely important role in these movements.This was especially evident in the changing environment of the March Eighteenth Movement following the disintegration of the united front.The internal divisions within the intelligentsia at the time indicate that the historical scene was undergoing aprofound transformation from external concerns to domestic inquisitions,leading to thereappearance of the original gulf between the political demands of the different party factions.In other words,the March Eighteenth Movement brought the National Revolution sharply before the nation as the task of the times.

关 键 词：五卅运动 三一八运动 知识界 教育界 新闻界 

分 类 号：K262.2[历史地理—历史学]