当实证主义传统遇到“大脑黑箱”——神经经济学“生理效用”理论解析  

When Positivism Tradition Encounters the “Black Box”:A Review on “Physiological Utility”Theory of Neuroeconomics

作　　者：江晴[1] 吴逸群[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2016年第11期95-103,共9页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"货币经济中的实证主义传统与实验经济学思想史解析"(项目编号:13BJL013)

摘　　要：神经经济学关于人类决策行为的最新研究对实证主义传统讳莫如深的"大脑黑箱"进行了深刻剖析。本文通过对神经经济学"生理效用"理论和DDM模型及其应用价值的深入解读,发现大脑决策过程实则是神经系统对"满意程度"的生物计算和评估过程,即一个对决策价值信号赋值与比较的过程。这些研究第一次系统地在人们的内在神经活动与外在决策行为之间建立起了一种直观的联系,且认为如果决策行为是由大脑对决策价值进行适应性编码产生的,那么无论决策的情境有何差异,其在大脑决策机制中都有着相似的编码过程。因此存在一个对跨情境选择行为和反应时间做出一般预测的可能性,称为共同决策机制。这为解决简单情况下离散选择的样本外预测提供了新思路。显然,神经经济学正在深层次上悄然改变着经典经济学的固有思维模式,为决策理论的微观基础提供了全新的科学诠释。The latest neuroeconomics researches on decision-making behavior are the efforts of probing into the ＂black box＂ interpretation of the the decision-making of human brain, which is carefully concealed in positivism tradition. Through in-depth ＂physiological utility＂ theory and drift-diffusion model （DDM）, this paper shows that process of the brain is actually the process that nervous system calculates and evaluates the ＂desirability＂, namely a process of assigning and comparing the decision value signals. These studies initiate the systematic connections between individuals＇ internal neural activity and external decision-making behav- ior. Furthermore, if the value coding in the brain is subject to adaptive coding, the decision-making mecha- nism of the brain has similar coding process no matter how different the contexts are. Therefore, there probably exists a common mechanism that enables people to make the general predictions of choice behavior and reac- tion time in various domains, called common decision mechanism. These studies provide a new way to solve out-of-sample prediction problem at the scene of simple discrete choice. Obviously ally changing the inherent thinking mode of classical economics, and it provides for the micro-foundation of decision theory. , neuroeconomics is gradua new scientific explanation

关 键 词：生理效用 DDM模型 大脑黑箱 实证主义传统 决策行为 

分 类 号：F016[经济管理—政治经济学]