东北黑土区小流域“林-旱-水”格局土壤磷空间分布特征研究  

Spatial variance of soil phosphorus in the forest-dryland-paddy mode of Northeastern Mollisol watershed

作　　者：张少良[1] 马泉来[1] 周军[2] 李传宝[1] 高凤杰[1] 黄以权 ZHANG Shaoliang MA Quanlai ZHOU Jun LI Chuanbao GAO Fengjie HUANG Yiquan(Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Environmental Protection and Scientific Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省环境保护科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《水利学报》2016年第10期1227-1236,共10页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471228);东北农业大学"学术骨干"项目(15XG08);东北农业大学青年才俊项目(14QC30);黑龙江省普通高等学校青年学术骨干支持计划(1254G012)

摘　　要：磷(P)是作物生长需要的主要营养元素之一,过量施用会导致环境污染,研究土壤P空间分布特征和驱动机制可为区域施肥和农业面源污染防控等提供参考。本文结合经典统计学和地统计学,研究了东北黑土区边缘"林地-旱地-水田"格局下不同土地利用、地形、水文、种植方式等对土壤全磷(TP)和速效磷(AP,通常用OlsenP衡量)空间分布的影响。研究表明,该地区土壤TP和AP的空间自相关程度和空间变异程度均处于中等水平,但AP空间变异程度远大于TP。TP和AP空间分布特征存在明显差异,TP在旱地与林地之间的过渡地带相对匮乏,AP在水-旱交错带区域相对富集,TP和AP含量均在流域出口处达到峰值,分别为0.8 g/kg和60 mg/kg,TP的空间分布特征指示了"旱改水"后早期侵蚀沉积效应依然存在。受土壤理化性质和侵蚀的影响,旱田土壤TP和AP含量均在平地和坡顶达到最高,坡背和坡底最低。林地TP和AP含量最低,水田TP含量高于旱地平地,但水田AP含量显著低于旱地平地。施肥(N、P)、种植方式、土地利用、侵蚀和沉积过程是影响流域尺度土壤P空间分布的主要因素,而水系、村镇空间位置关系影响不显著。当AP>25 mg/kg时,流域中下游,特别是土壤P相对富集的水旱交错区、河流交汇区和流域出口区存在潜在的流失风险。Phosphorus（P） as one of the major nutrient elements for crops growth is easily resulting in en-vironmental pollution after over application. In order to efficiently guide the fertilization and control the no-point pollution in agriculture,it is important to know the spatial variance of P and its main driving mecha-nisms. In this study,the effects of land use,topography,hydrology,crop pattern and other factors on thespatial pattern of TP（total phosphorus） and AP（Olsen-P） at a watershed scale were clarified using tradi-tional statistics and geostatistics. The results show that both TP and AP have the moderate spatial autocorre-lation and spatial variation,while the spatial variation of AP is greater than that of TP. Generally,the spa-tial distribution is different between TP and AP. TP is lower in the intersection of dryland and forestland,while AP is higher at the transitional zone of dryland and paddyfield. Both TP and AP are highest at theoutlet of the watershed,and the average content is 0.8 g/kg and 60 mg/kg respectively. TP distribution inthe watershed indicates that the influence of soil loss and deposition still existed after conversion from dry-land into paddy field. In the dryland,TP content is relatively higher at summit and flat field while it islower on the back slope and the bottom. This is mainly due to the influence of soil physiochemical proper-ties and soil loss. In the forestland,both TP and AP are lower. Compared with flat dryland,TP is higherin paddy field,while AP is significantly lower by 26.1% in paddy field. Generally,the main factors influ-encing on P spatial distribution can be ascribed to fertilization（N and P）,crop covers,land use,soil ero-sion and soil deposition,while the influence of position of river systems,villages and towns is insignifi-cant. Additionally,when the AP is larger than 25 mg/kg,P is easily moved out of soil,especially at thetransitional zone of paddy and dryland,intersection area of rivers,and the area near the outlet of water-shed.

关 键 词：全磷 Olsen磷 Ca磷 异质性 土壤养分 农业清洁生产 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]