覆膜旱作稻田水均衡及蒸腾耗水规律分析  

Transpiration analysis based on water balance in a ground cover rice production system

作　　者：石建初[1] 金欣欣[1] 李森[1] 马雯雯[1] 左强[1] SHI Jianchu JIN Xinxin LI Sen MA Wenwen ZUO Qiang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《水利学报》2016年第10期1260-1268,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51139006;51321001)

摘　　要：水稻覆膜旱作（GCRPS）因具有显著的节水、增产效应而备受关注,但有关覆膜旱作稻田的水均衡关系及蒸腾耗水规律仍然还难以被准确刻画。为此,在湖北省十堰市开展了为期2年的田间试验,并在水稻6个主要生育阶段内对3个灌溉水平（TPRPS,传统淹水种植;GCRPSsat,薄膜覆盖并保持根区土壤接近饱和;GCRPS80%,薄膜覆盖并保持根区平均土壤含水量介于田持的80%-100%）、3个施氮水平（N0,不施氮;N1,150 kg N/hm2尿素;N2,75 kg N/hm2尿素＋75 kg N/hm2鸡粪）共9个处理进行了水量平衡和蒸腾耗水分析。试验研究结果表明：（1）在不减产甚至增产的情况下,覆膜旱作不仅可以抑制深层渗漏与蒸发等非生理耗水,同时还能减少蒸腾耗水,节水效应非常显著,尤其是GCRPS80%;（2）水稻全生育期内的蒸腾耗水变化规律不受水分与氮素处理的影响,总体均表现为生育前期较低,盛期较高,至扬花期达到峰值,之后逐渐衰减;（3）最大分蘖期之前,覆膜增温效应显著促进蒸腾耗水,之后水分胁迫导致情形逆转;（4）扬花期之前,与不施氮相比,施氮可显著促进蒸腾耗水,但两个施氮处理之间的蒸腾耗水差异不大。Ground cover rice production system（GCRPS） has attracted great attention due to its contribu-tions to both saving water and increasing yields. However,the water budget,especial for plant transpira-tion,in a GCRPS is still unclear. In this study,a two-year field experiment with nine treatments for threeirrigation levels（TPRPS, traditional paddy rice production system; GCRPSsat, keeping root zone averagesoil water content near saturated,and GCRPS80%, keeping root zone average soil water content as 80% -100% of field water capacity） and three nitrogen levels（N0, without nitrogen; N1, 150 kg N/ha withurea;N2,75 kg N/ha with urea and 75 kg N/ha with chicken manure） was conducted in Shiyan,Hubeiprovince,China. The transpiration during the six main growth stages of rice was analyzed in detail usingwater balance method. The results showed that：（1） Both physiological transpiration and non-physiologicalwater consumption such as deep drainage and evaporation were significantly limited under GCRPS especiallyGCRPS80%,accompanied by similar or even higher yields;（2） Plant transpiration pattern was not affectedsignificantly by water or nitrogen treatments during the entire growing season,and a＂low-high-low＂trendwas found with a top at anthesis stage;（3） Plant transpiration was improved by the warming effect underGCRPS before max-tillering,and afterwards the situation was reversed due to water stress;（4） Plant tran-spiration was significantly enhanced by the application of urea or its mixture with chicken manure before an-thesis stage,but significant difference was not found between these two nitrogen treatments.

关 键 词：水稻覆膜旱作 蒸腾 水量平衡 水分消耗 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]