基于地方秩序嵌套的人类活动研究  

POCKETS OF LOCAL ORDER AND ITS APPLICATION IN HUMAN ACTIVITY RESEARCH

作　　者：Kajsa Ellegard 张雪[2] 张艳[3] 柴彦威[2] 

机构地区：[1]林雪平大学技术与社会变化系,林雪平58183 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [3]北京联合大学北京学研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《人文地理》2016年第5期25-31,共7页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571144,41301174,41611130051)

摘　　要："活动的地方秩序嵌套"这一概念源于瑞典时间地理学者哈格斯特朗对人类活动复杂性及其背后蕴含的社会规则的思考,强调人类活动与其发生所需的时空资源配置之间的关系,隐含人类行为背后所需的各种资源在时间上的排列和空间上的组合规律。本文系统解读了"(活动的)地方秩序嵌套"的概念内涵、形成与符号表达,借助已有研究案例梳理不同地理空间尺度下地方秩序及其嵌套过程,以及目前这一领域的最新研究进展,在此基础上尝试提出这一概念在中国城市空间行为与规划中的研究与应用方向。＂Pockets of Local Order＂（POLO） is one of the most important concepts in time-geography, which were put forward by Swedish geographer Torsten Hagerstrand in English since 1970s. It elaborated the com- plexity of human activities and its underlining of social rules. Hagerstrand thought that the temporal rhythm and spatial pattern of human activity is not entirely haphazard. There must be certain rules to follow. That is the ＂local order＂. In order to carry out any project smoothly, actors need to occupy space and to consume cer- tain amount of time which are sufficiently free from encroachment. That is the ＂space-time pocket＂, where a local order can be maintained. It depicted how different resources were arranged and stored up to fulfil the projects. So in his view, researchers should first designate a meaningful geographical district with a definite spatial boarder, and then observe the orders operating in it and how different actors perform in the same di- orama. This article aims to introduce these new developments of POLO. With existing case studies, this arti- cle tries to show how local orders at different geographical and temporal scales nested together to impact on individual and organizational projects and paths. We introduced the examples of local order in the valley where Hagerstrand lived in during his childhood and the relation between daily household programmes and the local order of the factory viewed in a long-term perspective to show the orders at macro scale. And by an- alyzing the elementary events in milking cows and the resources used for performing the activities for milking, and when and in what order they are used, we try to explain the local orders at micro scale.

关 键 词：人类活动 地方秩序 活动的地方秩序嵌套 符号系统 时间地理学 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]