上山文化遗址分布与地理环境的关系  

The Relationship Between the Distribution of Shangshan Culture Site and the Geographical Environment

作　　者：徐怡婷[1] 林舟[1] 蒋乐平[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学地球科学学院 [2]浙江省文物考古研究所

出　　处：《南方文物》2016年第3期131-138,共8页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：浙江省文物保护科技项目--“古环境复原与上山文化遗址的分布规律研究”支持

摘　　要：上山文化距今约11000-9000年,主要分布在钱塘江上游的金衢盆地及其周边地区,是迄今长江下游地区发现的最早新石器时代遗址。为了了解上山文化的立地原因,进一步探索上山文化诞生、发展、传播的背景,需要对上山文化所处的地理环境有着客观、系统、深入的把握。本文利用GIS的手段,对上山文化遗址与其地理环境的关系开展系统分析。研究发现,遗址主要倾向于分布在高度适中、坡度和缓的盆地中腹部区域;靠近支流、远离干流;水热条件优渥,土壤适宜耕作;后方山地地势和缓,有丰富的植被资源,方便古人类进入并开展采集、打猎活动。同时,我们还对比了衢江流域与武义江流域的遗址群所处的地理环境,发现了一定的差异:武义江流域内的遗址群海拔较高、坡度略陡;衢江范围内的遗址主要沿着主河道南岸二级阶地边缘呈线状分布,而武义江范围内的遗址主要分布于较大的支流两岸的河漫滩之上。落于金衢盆地主体外围的三处遗址则都位于环境相似的小型上游河谷盆地的腹地之中。Shangshan Site is the earliest Neolithic sites found m the lower Yangtze Delta Plain （about 11,000 - 9,000 years ago）. The sites are mainly distributed in Jinqu Basin, the upstream of Qiantang River. We used GIS tools to examine the effect of geographic factors on the distribution of the sites. It shows that, the sites tend to locate in the flat and broad areas with abundant precipitation, sufficient solar radiation and fertile soil. Most of them are in the center of the basin, and close to the tributaries, and far away from the main channel. There are lush green hills behind these areas, and the terrains of these hills are gende slope, which is easy for people to collect food and hunt. Meanwhile, the geomorphic characteristics between Qu Jiang and Wuyi Jiang are compared. The sites in Wuyi Jiang are higher in elevation and a little steeper in slope than the ones in Qu Jiang. The sites in Qu Jiang are almost linearly distributed along the edge of the second terraces of the main stream in the south bank, while those in Wuyi Jiang are mainly located at the floodplain of the big tributaries. The three sites at the penpheral zone of Jinqu Basin are located in the center of three upstream basins individually, which are quite small and of a similar size.

关 键 词：上山文化 金衢盆地 地理信息系统 遗址与自然地理环境的关系 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]