莫拉莱斯执政以来玻利维亚发展政策的特点与评析  

Bolivia under the Presidency of Evo Morales:The Development Mode and its Effects

作　　者：文学[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学政法学院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2016年第5期27-42,155,共16页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：莫拉莱斯是玻利维亚第一位通过民主选举上台的印第安人总统,其支持者来自占国内人口绝大多数的印第安土著群体,其竞选纲领和施政方略均以维护印第安人的利益和尊严为宗旨,追求种族平等和国家现代化。自2006年执政以来,莫拉莱斯提出了"社群社会主义"意识形态主张并实施了许多重要的公共政策和改革措施,包括资源民族主义和有限国有化、对古柯业采取较为现实可行的管控政策、外交上采取反美立场等。这段时期玻利维亚基本维持了社会局势的稳定,国民经济获得较快增长。总体上说,莫拉莱斯执政以来玻利维亚经济社会发展取得了明显进步,是独立以来国家发展进程中一段比较成功的时期。与此同时,玻利维亚资源主导型经济发展模式并未发生根本改变,国内政治体制的缺陷与消极影响、历史遗留问题的制约效应、国际国内环境的变迁与挑战等仍然是玻利维亚未来必须要面对的重大问题。Evo Morales is the first Indian president in Bolivia, widely supported by indigenous groups. The focus of his election strategy and governance is to safeguard the interests of the Indians to promote racial equality and national modernization. Since Morales came into power in 2006, he continued to advocate the community socialism,pushed forward public policy and economic reforms including a moderate nationalization of natural resources and a more flexible control of coca,he also took a hard line toward separatist movements,and pursued an anti- American foreign policy. During his rein,there is a remarkable progress in economic and social development, and Bolivia maintained social stability and a rapid economic growth. On the other hand, Bolivia remains to be under the resource- oriented development model. The deficiency of the political institutions,long-standing domestic political disputes as well as negative impacts from the international environment are still pressing challenges faced by Bolivia.

关 键 词：玻利维亚 莫拉莱斯 印第安人社群社会主义 社会分裂 国有化 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]