腹主动脉瘤生物力学研究的新进展  

Recent advances in biomechanical studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms

作　　者：童建华[1,2] 王贵学[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学医学院上海东方医院,生物医学工程及纳米科学研究院,上海200092 [2]重庆大学生物工程学院,生物流变科学与技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400030

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2016年第5期369-375,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：同济大学青年优秀人才培养计划(1500219086);中央高校基本科研业务费(1500219085,1500219095);重庆大学生物流变科学与技术教育部重点实验室访问学者基金(CQKLBST-2016-010);国家自然科学基金项目(31370949)

摘　　要：腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)是腹主动脉局部呈肿瘤状扩张的血管疾病。如果不及时治疗,持续扩张的AAA将最终破裂,具有极高的死亡率。近年来,生物力学方法被广泛地应用于AAA临床破裂风险的评估预测中。相关研究成果也极大地增进了对于AAA病理机制的理解。首先讨论基于腔内血栓和AAA的生物力学测试方法,全面了解血栓及动脉瘤组织的多种力学特性以及力学特性变化对AAA在病理环境下生长及结构重建的影响;回顾一系列运用实验和计算生物力学手段预测AAA破裂风险的代表性研究成果,具体包括有限元分析AAA的管壁应力分布、评估破裂风险指数和判断破裂发生的具体位置等方面;重点阐述AAA中血栓的老化所导致的微观结构变化,并总结AAA生物力学研究的现状和未来挑战。An abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） is a vascular pathology associated with localized and balloon- like dilatations of abdominal aorta. An untreated AAA may lead to an eventual rupture with a high mortality rate. In recent studies, the biomechanics of AAA has been widely used to assess the rupture risk in clinic. In this re- view paper, biomechanical testing methods on intraluminal thrombi and AAA are discussed, so as to fully under- stand biomechanical properties of intraluminal thrombi and aneurysmal tissues, as well as the influence of me- chanical property changes on the AAA growth and remodeling under pathological environment. Then representa- tive research findings on prediction of rupture risk by a series of experimental and computational biomechanical methods are reviewed, including finite element analysis on stress distributions on AAA wall, assessment of rup- ture risk index and judgment of rupture locations. The relevant microstructural changes caused by thrombus aging are described in detail, and the current situation of biomechanical studies on AAA and future challenges are briefly summarized.

关 键 词：腹主动脉瘤 生物力学特性 血栓 破裂风险预测 有限元分析 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]