山西油松林分类学多样性  

Taxonomic diversity of Pinus tabuliformis communities in Shanxi

作　　者：王烨[1] 秦浩[1] 董刚[1,2] 秦晓娟[2] 赵小娜[1] 张峰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006 [2]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第20期6520-6527,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金项目(2013011037-1);山西省回国留学人员科研项目(20100012);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110300)

摘　　要：基于物种分类系统关系的分类学多样性不仅能反映群落内物种分类学之间的差异,而且可以间接反映生态系统或群落是否处于退化阶段。与传统的物种多样性指数相比,分类学多样性指数对不同的取样方法和大小具有较强的稳健性。以山西油松林为研究对象,在山西省范围内选取113个样地进行植被调查,并结合历史资料和相关文献整理了植物名录,野外共记录植物357种,隶属于3门4纲36目71科227属。植物科内属、种的组成差异较大,其中含属、种最多的科是菊科,分别为31属和50种,含种最多的属为蒿属(Artemisia 11种)。选取平均分类学差异指数(Δ^+)和分类学差异变异指数(Λ^+)作为度量群落分类学多样性的指标,同时分析了分类学多样性指数与环境因子的关系,研究结果表明:113个样地的Δ^+值大都位于Δ^+理论平均值上方(89.5%);Λ^+值都位于Λ^+理论平均值上方,这表明山西油松林物种组成的亲缘关系较远,分属不同的分类单元;群落内物种分类单元的均匀度较差,即物种主要集中在几个大的分类单元内,如菊科、蔷薇科、豆科和禾本科等。对分类学多样性指数影响最大的是群落结构因子(胸径、乔木密度和群落物种数),其次是微地形因子(坡向和坡位)。土壤全氮和有机碳与Δ^+呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。宏观地形因子(纬度和海拔)与Δ^+和Λ^+相关性不显著(P>0.05)。通过对山西油松林物种的Δ^+和Λ^+研究表明,山西油松林大多处于平稳的成长阶段,物种组成相对稳定,存在一定的物种分类学差异,但主要集中几个大的分类单元。Taxonomic diversity based on the phylogenetic system directly reflects species diversity with evolutionary information, considering evolutionary and taxonomic hierarchies among species in a community. It can also indirectly indicate if community structure and components are affected by habitat and disturbance. Thus, it can indicate whether a community or ecosystem is degraded. Furthermore, taxonomic diversity is robust and minimally influenced by different sampling methods and sampling areas compared to the traditional species diversity indices （ e.g., Shannon index）. Pinus tabulaeformis is an important specie of timbers and ecological trees in North China, and distributed widely in Shanxi. To explore the taxonomic diversity of P. tabuliformis communities in Shanxi, we investigated 113 stands in Shanxi, in which 357 species belonging to 227 genera, 71 families, 36 orders, 4 classes, and 3 phyla were recorded. The compositions of genera and species within families exhibited differences. The dominant family including the most genera and species was Compositae （31 genera and 50 species）. Most of the species belongs to the genusArtemisia （ 11 species）. In addition, we selected the average taxonomic difference index （△＋） and taxonomic difference variation index （∧＋） to measure taxonomic diversity, then discussed the relationships between taxonomic diversity indices and environmental factors. The results indicated that the expected values of △＋ and ∧＋ were 53 and 280, respectively. Based on the distributions of 113 stands in the confidence funnel, the △＋value of 89.5% and all the ∧＋ values were above the expected values of △＋ and ∧＋ , which suggested that species composition of the P. tabuliformis communities had more distant relatives and belonged to different taxa. The evenness of P. tabuliformis communities was low, given that most species belonged to a small number of families （e.g., Compositae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Gramineae）. The community factors （DBH,

关 键 词：山西 油松林 平均分类学差异指数(△+) 分类学差异变异指数(∧+) 

分 类 号：S791.254[农业科学—林木遗传育种]