腰椎极外侧经腰大肌入路神经影像学研究  

IMAGING STUDY ON LUMBAR PLEXUS BY MINIMALLY INVASIVE LATERAL TRANSPSOAS APPROACH

作　　者：何磊[1] 谢沛根[1] 陈瑞强[1] 舒涛[1] 张良明[1] 冯丰[1] 戎利民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第三医院脊柱外科,广州510635

出　　处：《中国修复重建外科杂志》2016年第11期1412-1416,共5页Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

摘　　要：目的根据腰椎极外侧经腰大肌手术入路,利用MRI三维重建成像技术显影腰大肌内腰丛,分析各椎间隙腰丛与工作通道的相对位置关系,评估该入路安全性。方法以2012年7月-2015年1月收治的71例腰椎退行性变患者作为研究对象,行MRI三维快速稳态采集成像序列多平面容积三维重建。测量轴位图像中L1、2、L2、3、L3、4、L4、5间隙中点水平层面两侧腰丛前缘至椎间盘矢状面中心点垂直线(简称椎间盘矢状面中垂线)的距离。设定正、负值分别表示腰丛前缘位于椎间盘矢状面中垂线的后、前方。结果 71例患者中,分别有42例(59.2%)、58例(81.7%)和70例(98.6%)在L2、3、L3、4和L4、5间隙其腰丛细小分支穿行于椎间盘矢状面中垂线前方的腰大肌内,结合解剖结构分析提示其为生殖股神经。随着椎间隙下移,腰丛和生殖股神经逐渐向椎间盘腹侧移行。各椎间隙间腰丛前缘、生殖股神经前缘与椎间盘矢状面中垂线的垂直距离比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论椎间盘矢状面中垂线作为腰椎极外侧经腰大肌入路穿刺路径即建立工作通道的参考位置,在L1、2至L3、4间隙,腰丛位于其后方(生殖股神经除外,在L2、3和L3、4间隙位于其前方);L4、5间隙,腰丛移行至其前方。于L4、5间隙建立扩张工作通道,腰丛受牵拉损伤的风险较其他椎间隙高。ObjectiveTo analyze the relative position between lumbar plexus and access corridor of minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach based on magnetic resonance imaging distribution of lumbar plexus by three dimensional reconstruction technique, so as to evaluate approach safety. MethodsThree-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition sequences of lumbar spine were performed on 71 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases between July 2012 and January 2015. The axial image distance between the anterior edge of lumbar plexus and sagittal central perpendicular line （SCPL） of disc was determined using the distance formula at the mid-disc space from L1, 2 to L4, 5 level. SCPL was drawn perpendicularly to the sagittal plane of intervertebral disc and it passed through its central point, which is initial dilator trajectory for transpsoas approach. With respect to the SCPL of disc, the distance with a positive value indicated neural tissue posterior to it whereas anterior to it represented by a negative value. ResultsVarious branches of lumbar plexus which passed through the psoas major anterior to the SCPL of disc were identified in 42 （59.2%）, 58 （81.7%）, and 70 （98.6%） patients at L2, 3, L3, 4, and L4, 5 levels, respectively. It is possible to infer the presence of genitofemoral nerve in accordance with relevant anatomic research. A ventral migration of intrapsoas nerves is identified from L1, 2 to L4, 5 level. All differences between levels were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. ConclusionWith respect to the SCPL of disc, a pass way of guide wire or a radiographic reference landmark to place working channel, lumbar plexus lie posterior to it from L1, 2 to L3, 4 level and shift anteriorly to it at L4, 5 level, while genitofemoral nerve locate anterior to the SCPL from L2, 3 to L4, 5 level. Neural retraction may take place during sequential dilation of working channel especially at L4, 5 level.

关 键 词：极外侧入路椎体间融合术 腰丛 MRI 腰椎 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学]