黄河下游漫滩洪水的淤滩刷槽作用  

Floodplain Deposition and Main Channel Erosion for Overbank Floods in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：张原锋[1] 胡一三[2] 申冠卿[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河水利委员会,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2016年第10期65-68,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379087)

摘　　要：淤滩刷槽是指多沙河流发生漫滩洪水时出现的滩地淤积、主槽冲刷(或少淤)的现象,为多沙河流的主要特征之一。以黄河下游河道为对象,利用实测洪水资料,对漫滩洪水的滩槽水沙交换、主槽断面形态改善及其对滩槽冲淤的影响进行了研究。滩槽水沙交换及其引起的主槽断面形态改善是造成漫滩洪水淤滩刷槽的主要原因。淤滩刷槽可减少河道的总淤积量,并可改善河道的横断面形态。当漫滩洪水来沙系数小于0.012 kg·s/m^6及洪水漫滩系数大于1.5时,淤滩刷槽作用明显。为减少主槽及河道的淤积,其可作为漫滩洪水调度的调控指标。Floodplain deposition and main channel erosion（ FDMCE） means the phenomenon that sediment silting on floodplain and scouring or deposition reducing in main channel occurred during overbank floods for heavy sediment laden rivers. It is one of important features for heavy sediment-laden rivers. Taking the Lower Yellow River as the object of study,the exchanging of water and sediment between floodplain and main channel,the improving of cross section of main channel during overbank flood periods and their effects on FDMCE were investigated with floods data of the Lower Yellow River. The exchanging of water and sediment between floodplain and main channel and the improvement of section morphology of the main channel are the main reasons of FDMCE. FDMCE can not only reduce the total deposition of river channel but also can improve the cross section of main channel. When incoming sediment coefficient is less than 0. 012 kg·s / m6 and overbank flow coefficient is bigger than 1. 5,the phenomenon of FDMCE is very obvious. The coefficients can be a regulating index for overbank floods control in order to reduce deposition both in main channel and river channel.

关 键 词：多沙河流 淤滩刷槽 漫滩洪水 滩槽水沙交换 调控指标 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1