黄河流域源区与上中游空中水资源特征分析  被引量:18

Analysis of Sky Water Resources in the Source Region and the Upper-Middle Region of the Yellow River Basin

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作  者:王光谦[1,2] 李铁键[1,2] 李家叶[1] 魏加华[1,2] 钟德钰[1,2] 

机构地区:[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]青海大学三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出  处:《人民黄河》2016年第10期79-82,共4页Yellow River

基  金:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51459003;51579131);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501028);青海省科技支撑计划项目(2015-SF-130);清华大学自主科研计划资助项目(20141081294)

摘  要:黄河是中国的母亲河,黄河流域的水资源问题一直是我国的一个核心议题。黄河之水天上来,随着气象科学和人工影响天气技术的快速发展,空中水资源应逐步纳入我国的水资源体系,进行空地统一的水资源分析与管理。黄河流域处于我国北方半干旱区,年均370亿m^3的可用水量支撑沿黄9省(区)超过1亿人口的社会经济发展,因此进行空地水资源统一分析与管理的需求最为迫切。本文以黄河源头和上中游地区为例,对比分析了源区(12.7万km2)与上中游地区(66.7万km2,不含源区)的空中水资源特征,结果表明:黄河源区每年空中水汽输入量约为8 700亿m^3,其中约3 700亿m^3为空中水资源,区域降水量约为680亿m^3,考虑区域内蒸发对空中水资源的补给,空中水资源的降水转化率约为16.3%;黄河上中游每年空中水汽输入量约为36 000亿m^3,其中约10 000亿m^3为空中水资源,降水量约为2 920亿m^3,空中水资源的降水转化率约为22.3%。因此,黄河源区空中水资源的丰度较上中游地区高,降水转化率偏低,但产流系数较大。黄河源区更适合进行空中水资源的开发利用,合理适度地利用空中水资源对提高黄河流域的水资源安全保障能力具有重要意义。The Yellow River is China's mother river; its water resources problem has always been an important issue in China. As an ancient Chinese poetry says,the Yellow River water comes from the sky. With the rapid development of meteorological science and weather modification technology,water resources in the sky should be gradually incorporated into the consideration of water resources system,leading to integrated water resources management from the ground to the sky. The Yellow River basin locates in semi-arid area in North China,possessing an annual mean available water resources of 37 billion m3. However,it supports the social and economic development of nine provinces where more than 100 million persons live in the basin. Therefore,it is the most urgent for the Yellow River basin to analyze and manage the water resources from the ground upward to the sky. This paper discussed the characteristics of sky water resources in the source area( 127,000 km2) and the upper and middle reaches( 667,000 km2,excluding the source region) of the Yellow River basin. The results show that about 870 billion m3 water in the sky transport into the Yellow River source area each year,of which about 370 billion m3 is sky water resources. Annual precipitation in the source area is about 68 billion m3. Considering local evaporation' s contribution to sky water,precipitation conversion rate of sky water resources in the source area is 16. 3%. In comparison,about 3 600 billion m3 water in the sky transports into the upper and middle Yellow River basin each year,of which about 1 000 billion m3 is sky water resources. Annual precipitation in this region is about 292 billion m3,then the precipitation conversion rate of sky water resources is 22. 3%. Those results show that the Yellow River source area has more abundant sky water resources per unit area,its precipitation rate is lower,but its runoff coefficient is higher. Therefore,the source area is more suitable for sky water resources utilization than the upper and middle reaches.

关 键 词:空中水资源 水汽输送 降水转化率 黄河流域 

分 类 号:TV211.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]

 

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