不同矮化中间砧对‘宫崎短枝富士’树体生长、产量和品质的影响  

Effect of dwarfing interstocks on tree growth,yields and fruit quality of‘Miyazakifuji'apple

作　　者：赵同生[1] 赵国栋[1] 张朝红[1] 张新生[1] 杨凤秋[1] 陈东玫[1] 赵永波[1] 付友[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第11期1379-1387,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-28);公益性行业(农业)科研专项"主要果树砧木收集;评价与筛选"(201203075-01-3);河北省财政专项"苹果矮化自根砧木繁育及轻简化栽培技术"(F15R06004)

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同矮化中间砧对苹果树生长结果的影响,为筛选燕山地区适宜砧穗组合提供参考依据。【方法】以‘SH3’‘SH6’‘SH18’‘SH38’‘Mark’‘11-8’‘77-34’‘GM310’‘辽砧2号’为中间砧,‘宫崎短枝富士’(Malus domestica Borkh.‘Miyazakifuji’)为接穗品种,比较各砧穗组合树体生长势、早花早果性和果实品质的差异。【结果】‘Mark’‘辽砧2号’的树高、冠径较其他组合明显减小,矮化性最强,树势偏弱,其他组合各有不同,但总体差异不显著,矮化性相近;‘GM310’‘Mark’‘辽砧2号’的"大脚"现象严重;‘Mark’在定植第2年成花株率最高,‘77-34’最低,‘SH3’累计产量最高,‘Mark’最低,果实品质各指标各有大小,单果质量以‘SH6’最大,‘11-8’最小,果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量、果形指数、着色指数均以‘SH3’最高,可溶性固形物含量、果形指数以‘11-8’最低;通过隶属函数法综合评价得出不同砧穗组合在生长势、早花早果性、果实品质方面的综合性状排序为:‘SH38’‘SH3’‘SH6’‘11-8’‘SH18’‘Mark’‘辽砧2号’‘77-34’‘GM310’。【结论】综合分析后认为燕山地区‘宫崎短枝富士’适宜的砧穗组合以‘SH38’最佳,其次是‘SH3’‘SH6’。[Objective] High density planting using dwarfing rootstocks is the main planting system for apple in China. Screening of rootstock-scion combinations is important for high density planting, and dwarfing potential, adaptability, productivity, and fruit quality ale the main indexes for the evaluation of root- stock-scion combinations. Yanshan region is one of the major apple producing areas in China. Due to low temperature in winter and hot and rainy weather in summer, apple trees are suffering from double restric- tions of freezing damage in winter and vigorous growth in summer, which highlights the need for cold resistant rootstocks with greater dwarfing potential in Yanshan region. In this study, ＇SH3＇ ＇SH6＇ ＇SH18＇ ＇ SH38＇ ＇ Mark＇ ＇ 11-8＇ ＇ 77=34, ＇ GM310＇ and ＇ Liaozhen 2＇, which had previously shown to be cold resis- tant, were used as the dwarfing interstocks, and Malus domestica Borkh. ＇Miyazakifuji＇, an dominant variety in Yanshan region, was used as the scion. Horticultural characteristics such as tree growth vigor, yields and fruit quality were compared for screening the optimal rootstock-scion combinations. [Methods] ＇Miyazakifuji＇ were grafted onto the above 9 dwarfing interstocks with M. robusta Rehd. as the basal rootstock in 2008. The grafted plants were transplanted in 2010. Growth of the tree were quantified by tree height, canopy diameter, circumference （include rootstocks and scion） and total shoot number, and proportions of different types of shoots were measured in 2015. Flowering plants was counted in 2011. Fruit yields and quality, fruit weight, flesh firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acids content were measured every year from 2013 to 2015, and fruit shape index and color index were measured in 2013. The effects of dwarfing interstocks on fruit quality were evaluated based on membership values of functional ingredients calculated by the method of membership function, and all the collected data were analysed using SPSS19.0. [ Results ] T

关 键 词：'宫崎短枝富士’苹果 矮化中间砧 树体生长 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]