‘富士’苹果品质与果实矿质元素含量的关联性分析  

The correlation analysis between quality characteristics and fruit mineral element contents in‘Fuji'apples

作　　者：张强[1] 李兴亮[1] 李民吉[1] 周贝贝[1] 孙健[1] 魏钦平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所.农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第11期1388-1395,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28);林业公益性行业科研专项(201404720)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨我国‘富士’苹果品质与果实矿质元素含量的关系,筛选影响果实品质特性的主要矿质元素,建立‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素含量优化方案,为提高‘富士’果实品质、减少生理病害的果园合理土壤和叶面施肥等提供理论依据。【方法】2010—2011年对我国苹果产区51个县（市）153个乔砧‘富士’苹果园的果实矿质元素和品质指标进行调查分析,应用偏最小二乘回归变量投影重要性筛选影响果实品质因子的主要果实矿质元素和建立回归方程,线性规划方法求解‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素含量优化方案。【结果】我国‘富士’苹果果实中不同矿质元素含量和品质差异较大,氮、铁、锌和硼的含量分别相差12.06、6.17、7.7和10.08倍,果实可滴定酸含量和固酸比分别相差2.33和2.16倍;果实品质与果实矿质元素含量的相关分析表明,果实氮含量与果实可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和着色面积呈极显著的负相关,果实中钙、铁含量与果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比呈极显著的正相关;偏最小二乘回归的模型效应载荷和权重分析表明,果实氮和铁对果实综合品质性状影响较大,其次是果实中的磷、钾和钙;果实单果质量主要受果实中氮、磷、钾的影响,并与磷、钾含量有较大的正效应系数,而与氮含量有负的效应系数;变量投影重要性获得了果实可溶性固形物含量主要受果实中氮、钙和铁的影响,并与果实氮含量有最大的负效应系数,而与果实铁和钙有正效应系数。‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素最佳质量分数为：氮0.25%、磷0.07%~0.12%、钾0.7%~1.2%、钙700 mg？kg-1、铁105~184 mg？kg-1、锌4.3~9.0 mg？kg-1、硼16.8~43.0 mg？kg-1。【结论】降低果实氮含量,提高果实铁、磷、钾和钙含量是提高‘富士’果实品质的重要技术措施。[Objective] To probe into the relationship between the contents of fruit mineral elements and quality features of the＇ Fuji＇ apple. To screen major mineral elements of the fruit affecting fruit quality features, and set up optimum proposals of fruit mineral elements for good fruit qualities. To provide a theoretical basis for reasonable orchard soil and foliar fertilizer applications for increasing fruit quality and reducing the physiological diseases of each county selected based on its Chinese location and climate condi- tions for apple production, related to the＇Fuji＇apple. [ Methods ] We selected 51 counties with apple production, which had three commercial apple orchards where＇ Fuji＇ apples were primarily planted, and the trees were 15 to 20 years old, and had high and stable yields over the past 5 years. Each orchard selected had an area of over 0.6 hm2, which resulted in a total of 153 orchards being selected. Fruit were picked during the local commercial harvest （late October to early November）, 10 fruits were picked from the tree canopies in the southeast and southwest at 1.5 m above the ground, with a total of 60 fruits selected from each orchard during 2010 to 2011. The fruit in each orchard was randomly divided into two groups, one based on an analysis of the fruit quality （mean fruit weight, fruit shape index, firmness, soluble solid con tent, titratable acid content and red color area）, and the other analysis based on the mineral elements con- tent （N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and B）. The partial least squares regression （PLS） method was used to analyze the model effect and weight analysis impact of the fruit mineral element contents to fruit quality, to screen out major factors of fruit mineral elements influencing the different fruit qualities, and to set up the regression equation of the fruit qualities and major fruit mineral elements. Linear programming was used to obtain op- timum proposals of the fruit mineral elements to achieve good＇Fuji＇apple qualities. [Results ]Th

关 键 词：'富士’苹果 果实矿质元素 果实品质 偏最小二乘回归 优化方案 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]