埋土区葡萄顺行水平龙干形篱架栽培根系的分布特性  

The characteristics of grapevine root distribution under a vertical trellis with a one side horizontal cordon trained with an inclined trunk in soilbury areas

作　　者：张国军[1] 王晓玥[1] 孙磊[1] 闫爱玲[1] 王慧玲[1] 任建成[1] 徐海英[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所.北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心.农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第11期1405-1412,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303133-2-2);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-30-1);科技创新能力建设专项(No.KJCX20140110);北京市科委重大项目(No.D131100000113001)

摘　　要：【目的】研究篱架顺行水平龙干形葡萄根系分布规律,为该种植模式的配套肥水及土壤管理提供试验依据。【方法】以北京平原区典型沙壤土葡萄园6 a生‘瑞锋无核’自根苗葡萄树为试材,利用挖掘法并区隔根系：将距主干水平向外1 m、深1.2 m的土用水细心冲洗将根系与土壤分开,不时用竹竿标记并固定根的位置,以保证冲洗出来的根与在土壤中的位置无较大变化,用水平细线区隔,分设水平方向4段,垂直方向4段,并分区剪取根系样品,测定根系长度、数量和干质量。【结果】6 a生瑞锋无核葡萄树主要的根系为1级根（直径≤2.0 mm）,占比达80%以上。主要吸收根系（1级根）在水平方向上以距主干40 cm之内占比最大,可达70%-90%,在40 cm之外还存在一个占比达10%-30%吸收根系分布区;吸收根系在垂直方向分布较均匀,0-40 cm深度有56.9%-58.5%,深于40 cm还有约41.5%-43.1%的分布。【结论】埋土区顺行水平龙干形篱架栽培葡萄根系在水平方向上分布集中,而且延主干向外呈指数衰减。葡萄根系在垂直方向上分布广,纵向呈线性衰减。[ Objective] In recent years, the new grape training system-＂one side horizontal cordon trained with inclined trunk＂ under a vertical trellis system has developed quickly and shown great potential for labor-saving canopy management, integrated pest management and good fruit quality consistency in soil- bury areas. However, the methods of irrigation management, fertilization and soil management didn＇ t change in the commercial vineyards which have applied this new training system because of the lack of studies and experiments related to its root distribution. In order to provide a practical and efficient way of irrigation, fertilizing and soil management under this training system, we conducted our research to explore the characteristics of root distribution. [ Methods] We used six-year old ＇ Ruifeng Seedless＇ （Vitis vinifera L.） as the plant material, whilc the growing was done in the sandy loam of the Beijing plain terrain. On October 2014, we randomly selected 4 plants whose growth vigor was similar to each other. Then we dug a ditch with a 30 cm width and 120 cm depth eral bamboo poles and string to fix the roots after for a distance of 100 cm to the trunk. We then used sevdigging and flushing the roots carefully until the whole root system was out of dirt. We performed the whole process with great patience to make sure the positions of the roots stayed the same. Then we divided the whole root system into 16 districts： horizontal 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 and beyond 60 cm; vertical 0220 em, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and beyond 60 cm. Based on a common classification standard, the roots were classified into 5 scales in terms of diameterscale 1, less than 2.1 mm, scale 2, 2-5 mm, scale 3, 5-10 mm, scale 4, 10-20 mm and scale 5, more than 20 mm. For each district, we first classified the roots, then we counted the root number, measured the root length and then oven dried each for 12 h to get their dry weight. [ Results ] For each of the four plants, similar resuits were obtained. For the root number： th

关 键 词：葡萄 埋土防寒区 顺行水平龙干形 根系分布 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]