油棕花序性别分化过程观察  

Sex differentiation process of oil palm inflorescences

作　　者：杨静[1] 李哲[2] 曾宪海[2] 林位夫[2] 邹积鑫[2] 潘登浪[2] 李炜芳[2] 刘钊[2] 周建南[2] 刘洁琼[2] 张春红[2] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学农学院,海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业部儋州油棕种质资源圃/农业部儋州热带作物科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第9期1533-1541,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：农业部热作种质资源保护项目(16RZZY-103);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(1630022014017)

摘　　要：【目的】了解油棕雌、雄花序的发育规律及在形态学和细胞组织学水平上的差异,为进一步研究油棕花序性别分化机理打下基础。【方法】取油棕不同发育时期的花序,测量其长度和质量,制作石蜡切片后利用体视显微镜观察其细胞组织学特点。【结果】油棕花序的整个发育过程可分为两个阶段:雌雄未显性期和雌雄显性期,且雌雄未显性期发育时间比雌雄显性期长得多,约占总时期的80%。雌雄未显性期与雌雄显性期间存在一个花序长度和质量呈指数式迅速增长的时期,即花序发育指数增长期(EGSI)。油棕花性别分化之初,花序开始迅速发育,进入EGSI。油棕雌、雄花序在发育过程中的不同之处表现为:雌花有一个两性期阶段,由一个有功能的雌花及两侧的伴随雄花组成,伴随雄花选择性败育,雌花成为单性花;而性别分化后,雄花不存在两性期阶段,直接进入单性期阶段。油棕雌、雄花序每个小穗轴上花原基分生组织数目明显不同,雄花花原基的数量远多于雌花花原基,具有数量级差别。【结论】油棕花序发育过程中存在EGSI。幼嫩雌、雄花序的花原基分生组织数目显著不同,根据花原基分生组织的数量可判断尚未从叶片基部露出的幼嫩花序性别。[Objective]Developmental law of oil palm female and male inflorescences were studied, and the differ-ences between pistillate flowers and staminate flowers in morphology and cytohistology were investigated, in order to lay foundation for further sex differentiation research. [Method]The inflorescences were collected at different developmental stages, their length and mass were measured. Then, the paraffin sections were made, so as to observe its cytohistology characters with microscope. [Result]The whole developmental process of oil palm inflorescences could be divided into two stages viz., sex unrevealed stage and sex revealed stage. The development at sex unrevealed stage took more time than that at sex revealed stage, accounting for 80% of total period. There was a exponential growth stage to be found between sex unrevealed stage and sex revealed stage, at this stage, both length and mass of inflorescences increased rapidly and expo-nentially, it was denominated exponential growth stage of inflorescence（EGSI）. At beginning of floral sex differentiation, the oil palm inflorescences started to develop rapidly, entering EGSI. The remarkable differences between pistillate flowers and staminate flowers during developmental process were as follows： There was a bisexual period during developmental process of pistillate flower, and pistillate flower was composed of a single pistillate flower flanked by two accompanying staminate flowers, then accompanying staminate flowers selectively aborted and the pistillate flower transformed into an u-nisexual flower; however, there was not a bisexual period during developmental process of a staminate flower, and stami-nate flower directly entered unisexual stage after sex differentiation. Moreover, there were some significant differences in number of floral primodium meristem between male and female inflorescences, and that of male inflorescences was more than that of female, with some differences in order of magnitude. [Conclusion]There exist EGSI during developmental pro

关 键 词：油棕 花序 雌花 雄花 发育分化 细胞组织学 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]