南宋临安的饥馑及其对策  

The famines at Lin'an in the Southern Song and its measures

作　　者：高桥弘臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]日本爱媛大学

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2016年第3期124-131,7,共9页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：在临安,不仅有被表述为"阙食"、"艰食"等的较轻的饥馑,也常会遇到被称为"大饥"、"大荒"等的大规模且严酷的饥馑,有人饿死。官府在临安实施的饥馑对策中,核心的方法是赈粜、赈济,而且在赈粜、赈济所用米不足之际,作为穷余之策,也实行施粥。为储备赈粜、赈济时必需的粮米,在临安增设丰储仓等巨大仓库。在临安还采取了劝分、招商、禁止闭籴等对策,这些都可认为是官府在赈粜、赈济用的米不足时采用的所谓暂时性弥补性的措施。在实际进行赈粜、赈济和劝分时,似乎存在胥吏中饱私囊等诸多问题。In Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song,there happened not only such relatively small famines as 'short of food'(he shi) and'difficult to find food'(jian shi), but also such large-scale and serious ones as 'big hunger'(da ji) and 'large famine'(da huang) in which some people were starved to death.Among the measures taken by the government against starvation in Lin'an, the key was relief grain supply. Moreover, when there were not enough grains for relief, free porridge was also an alternative. Such huge granaries as'good harvest granary'(feng chu cang) had been set up in the city to store the grains for relief. All other actions, such as'persuade-the-rich-to-donate'(quan fen),'canvass-grain-businessmen'(zhao shang)and'ban-stop-sell-rice'(jinzhi bi su), can be seen as provisional remedies when the government had not enough grains for relief.In the practices of relief provision and persuasion of the rich, it seems that there were many problems, such as officials' and servants' embezzlements.

关 键 词：临安 南宋 赈济 弥补性 暂时性 官府 仓库 招商 

分 类 号：K245[历史地理—历史学]