大比尺自升式平台插拔桩试验系统研制及验证  

Development and validation of a large-scale model test system for spudcan penetration and extraction

作　　者：高攀[1] 段梦兰[2] 赵良美[2] 宋林松[3] 黎剑波[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院,上海201306 [2]中国石油大学(北京)海洋油气研究中心,北京102249 [3]中海油田服务股份有限公司,河北三河065201

出　　处：《中国海上油气》2016年第6期108-114,共7页China Offshore Oil and Gas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"自升式钻井平台拔桩过程中非线性桩土相互作用研究(编号:51379214)"部分研究成果

摘　　要：自升式平台顺利插拔桩对其安全作业具有至关重要的作用。根据插拔桩问题主要控制方程的相似,推导了1倍重力加速度模型主要物理量的相似系数,建立了主要由土池、加载装置、原位测量装置、冲桩系统和测量系统组成的大比尺自升式平台插拔桩试验系统。该系统可以模拟自升式平台插桩、冲桩和拔桩,能够测量插拔桩深度和阻力,监测桩靴底部孔隙水压力的变化。运用该系统进行了初步插桩试验和边冲边拔的拔桩试验,将插拔桩阻力与规范和相关经验公式进行了对比,验证了系统的有效性和准确性,研究了桩靴底部孔压的分布规律以及孔压和插桩阻力的变化关系,证实了冲桩可以减小拔桩阻力的显著效果。本文研制的大比尺自升式平台插拔桩试验系统为进一步研究自升式钻井平台的插拔桩阻力和冲桩效果提供了基础,有利于保障自升式钻井平台的作业安全。The successful installation and removal of jack -up unitt are of great significance for their safe operations. Based on the similarity of governing equations for spudcan penetration and extraction , the similarity coefficients of the major parameters of 1g model are derived. A large -scale model test system for spudcan penetration and extrac-tion is developed, which mainly consists of the soiltank , loading apparatus, in -place soil test system , jetting sys-tem and sensing system . With this system , the process of spudcan penetration , jetting and extraction can be simu -lated ,the penetration depth and resistance measured, and the pore water pressure at the spudcan base monitored . A preliminary test of spudcan penetration and extraction with jetting is conducted. The resistance is compared to the predicted value with the specification and empirical formula , which confirms the validity and accuracy of the test system . The distribution pattern of pore water pressure and the relationship between the pore pressure and resit- ance are also analyzed. And the extraction test confirms the efficiency of jetting in reducing extraction resistance. The test system developed here provides an experimental prerequisite to the study on spudcan penetration , extrac-tion and jetting , which is of great significance for the safe operations of jack -up units .

关 键 词：大比尺 自升式平台 1倍重力加速度模型 插拔桩 冲桩 孔压监测 

分 类 号：TU411[建筑科学—岩土工程]