阿尔泰山采金矿区植被恢复效果初探  

Preliminary Study on Effect of Vegetation Restoration in Gold Mining Area, Altay Mountains, Xinjiang

作　　者：苑塏烨 白玉锋 徐海量[2] 徐福军[3] 王楚含 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]阿尔泰山国有林管理局,新疆阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第4期966-972,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支撑计划项目(201533110)资助

摘　　要：以阿尔泰山两河源采金废弃矿区为研究对象,设置不同恢复实验,监测恢复样地内的土壤与植被变化。结果表明:(1)采金活动后,严重破坏了当地的自然景观,形成了一个与周围环境极不协调的外观;(2)从植被恢复的角度,采取恢复措施后,地上生物量的恢复效果显著,较废弃矿区提高了223.2倍,覆土和人工补种措施恢复效果好;(3)从土壤含量(土石比)的角度,土石比值较废弃矿区最高提高了21.5倍,覆土和河水漫溢措施恢复效果好;(4)各恢复措施样方内土石比与地上生物量两者关系满足线性方程y=413.24x-36.76(R2=0.8905,P<0.05),即地上生物量随着土石比的增大而增加;(5)初步推算出采取覆土措施后,土壤含量(土石比)和地上生物量恢复到原始草地水平的理论年限分别是7.3年、8.4年。This study took the ecological reservation of mining area as the research objective in the protection zone （two rivers source, namely, Irtysh River and Ulungur River） in Altay Mountains. Through using the different restoration measures, the soil and vegetation changes were monitored, and the aim was to find the suitable measures in the recovery of the gold mining area. The results showed that： （1） After the gold mining, the local natural landscape was seriously damaged, and the appearance was inconsistent with the surrounding environment; （2） From the point of vegetation recovery, the restoration measures, especial soil-covering and artificial resowing measures, significantly increased the recovery efficiency of aboveground biomass by 223.2 times in the abandoned mining area; （3） From the point of soil content （soil-stone ratios）, soil-covering and river flooding measures increased the soil-stone ratio by 21.5 times in the abandoned mining area; （4） The relationship between the soil-stone ratios and aboveground biomass satisfied the linear equation of y=413.24x-36.76 （R2=0.8905, P 〈 0.05）. The aboveground biomass increased with the increase of soil stone ratio; （5） The theoretical period of soil content （soil stone ratio） and aboveground biomass .recovered to the level of original grassland was 7.3 years and 8.4 years, respectively, after taking the soil-covering measures.

关 键 词：阿尔泰山 采金矿区 恢复措施 土壤含量 地上生物量 

分 类 号：S157.42[农业科学—土壤学]