医务人员血源性职业暴露现状及心理评估分析  

Current status of blood-borne occupational exposure among health care workers and psychological assessment

作　　者：吴燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院附属医院医院感染管理科,山东济宁272029

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2016年第21期5013-5015,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解医务人员发生职业暴露现状及暴露后的心理变化,及时采取干预治疗措施,保障医务人员身心健康与安全。方法对医院2012年1月-2014年12月上报的156例血源性职业暴露者,在1个月内进行现状调查;同时,采用美国创伤后应激障碍研究中心行为科学分部制定的PTSD症状调查表(PCL-C),对其暴露者暴露后的心理影响程度进行评估。结果 156例发生职业暴露医务人员中,女性居多,发生率为74.4%;不同医务人员中护士发生率占59.0%,所占比例最高;乙型肝炎是各科室医务人员的首位暴露源;对不同人口社会特征的医务人员暴露源差异性进行比较,不同职业间暴露源的构成存在差异(P=0.048);16.7%的医务人员PCL-C评分在38分以上,存在心理临床症状倾向,需进行干预引导。结论为预防职业暴露的发生,除全面预防、加强培训,有效预防职业暴露的发生外,还应关注发生暴露后医务人员的心理疏导,及时干预,保障医疗安全。OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of occupational exposure among health care workers and psychological change after the exposure occurs, take the intervention measures in a timely manner, and ensure the physical and mental health and safety. METHODS A total of 156 health care workers who were reported to have blood-borne occupational exposure from Jan 2012 to Dec 2014 were enrolled in the study, then the survey of cur- rent status was conducted within one moth, the PTSD symptom checklist （PCL-C） was formulated based on the behavioural science branch of the U. S Post-traumatic stress disorder research center so as to assess the psychologi- cal effect of the exposure. RESULTS Among the 156 health care workers who had the occupational exposure, the female health care workers were dominant, with the incidence rate 74.4% ; the incidence rate of occupational expo- sure was the highest （59.0%） in the nurses. The hepatitis B was the first exposure source among the health care workers. There was difference in the constituent ratio of the exposure source among the health care workers with different demographic and social characteristics （P： 0. 048）. 16.7% of the health care workers, of whom the PCL-C score was more than 38 points, had the psychological, clinical symptom tendency and needed to be inter- vened. CONCLUSION In addition to the comprehensive prevention, enhancement of training, and effective preven- tion of occupational exposure, it is necessary to focus on the psychological counseling of the health care workers after exposure occurred and take the intervention measures in a timely manner so as to prevent the occupational ex- posure and ensure the medical safety.

关 键 词：医务人员 血源性职业暴露 现状 心理评估 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]