俞樾诗学理论平议  

YU Yue's Theory on Poetry

作　　者：黄伟[1] 吴翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第6期1-10,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：作为清末朴学大师,俞樾在揅经释子之余兼弄词章之学。俞樾虽以学人为诗,但其诗歌创作如水流花放,自然清切,审美趋向迥异于当时学人之诗所标榜的旨趣。俞樾"随笔而书随意造,不雕不琢全吾天"的诗学主张不仅可视为性灵文学在晚清时段的嗣响独存,也可视为五四新文学运动发生的肇基先导。其诗学理论如散金片玉,言简意赅,散落于各种序论随笔之中。作为一位学无常师、左右采获的经学集大成者,俞樾的诗学理论呈现出古典文学总结期包容性的特点,对诗坛上龂龂相角的宗派纷争,他主张应摒弃宗唐宗宋的门户偏见,择善而从。如俞樾不仅强调诗歌应具有"大裘万丈"的民本关怀与忧时感事的时代责任感,同时也不菲薄纯任自然、陶写性灵的琐屑之作、缪悠之词;俞樾一方面强调"此事须知本性情,不徒词藻斗纵横";另一方面又主张只有恪守"直而不野,丽而有则"的审美准则才能锤炼出"不求纤密之巧,自有宏肃之美"的真醇诗境。As a master of textology, YU Yue also focused on philology besides his efforts in studying classical books and scholars. Though YU Yue＇ s poems mainly deal with scholars, his poetic style is like running water and blossoming flowers and his aesthetic taste is quite different from his peers＇. His insistence in the naturalness of poems can be regarded as the only existence of spiritual literature in the late Qing Dynasty and as the pioneering guide of the origination of the May Fourth New Cultural Movement. His theory on poetry is like scattered gold and jade because it is seen in many prefaces and informal essays. As a synthesizer of unchained thoughts, his theory on poetry reveals an inclusive feature of classic literature. As to the disputes on different schools, he maintained that we should discard the prejudices and choose an optimized path to follow. He held that poetry should be of concerns on livelihood and worries about politics while respecting naturalness and spiritual writings. He argued that naturalness should be over ornate diction, and that only a straightforwardness and suitable sound words could lead to glorious poems.

关 键 词：俞樾 诗学理论 审美准则 性灵 自然 

分 类 号：I222[文学—中国文学]