纳米金属多层膜的强韧化及其尺寸效应  

Size Effects on the Strengthening/Toughening of Nanostructured Metallic Multilayers

作　　者：张金钰[1] 刘刚[1] 孙军[1] ZHANG Jinyu LIU Gang SUN Jun(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi＇an Jiaotong University, Xi＇an 710049, China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2016年第5期374-380,共7页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51321003;51322104;51201123;51571157);科技部973计划项目(2010CB631003)

摘　　要：如何有效地协调和平衡材料强度与韧性之间的矛盾,大幅度地提高结构材料的损伤容限,是非均质金属材料微观结构敏感性设计的巨大挑战。纳米金属多层膜作为一类典型的非均质金属材料,由于不仅可以调整其组元几何和微观结构尺度,而且可以引入具有不同本征性能的组元材料和不同结构的层间异质界面,因此在获得高强高韧金属结构材料方面具有潜在的能力。结合当前国内外有关金属多层膜塑性变形强韧化机制及其尺寸与界面效应研究的最新进展,分别阐述了晶体/晶体Cu/X(X=Cr,Nb,Zr)与晶体/非晶Cu/Cu-Zr金属多层膜/微柱微观结构-尺寸约束-服役性能三者之间的关联性,并对纳米金属多层膜研究的发展趋势进行了展望。How to defeat the conflict of strength vs toughness and achieve unprecedented levels of damage tolerance within structural materials is a grand challenge for their microstructure-sensitive design of heterogeneous metallic materials. Nanostructured metallic multilayers act as one class of typical heterogeneous materials and manifest great potential to obtain the structural materials with the combination of high strength and superior toughness, due to their tunable dimensional and microstructural length of the constituents as well the great advantage of tunable interfacial structures via introducing different constituents. The present authors had systematically investigated the size and interface effects on the mechanical properties, such as hardness/strength, tensile ductility, fracture toughness, and strengthening/toughening mechanisms of crystalline/crystalline Cu/X （ X=Cr, Nb, Zr） and crystalline/amorphous Cu/Cu-Zr nanolayered films/micropillars. In this paper, based on these experimental results achieved by the present authors, as well as the progresses at home and a-broad made in the plastic deformation behavior of NMMs, the correlation of microstructure-size constraint-mechanical per-formance in NMMs （ and nanolayered micropillars） is reviewed. Finally, a brief prospect on the studies of NMMs in future is discussed.

关 键 词：纳米金属多层膜 界面 塑性变形 断裂行为 强韧化机制 尺寸效应 

分 类 号：TG113[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]