局部放电检测用超高频天线的设计与性能对比  

Design and comparison of UHF antenna for partial discharge detection

作　　者：杨景刚 刘竞存 贾勇勇 高山 陶风波 张国钢[2] 

机构地区：[1]国网江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院,南京211103 [2]西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《电测与仪表》2016年第18期21-27,50,共8页Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation

基　　金：江苏省电力公司科技项目(J2014035);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51407026)

摘　　要：根据高压电力设备局部放电信号检测的需要,基于PCB技术设计并制作了四种不同原理和结构尺寸的超高频天线,仿真分析了其性能参数,检验所设计天线用于局部放电超高频检测法的可行性。利用矢量网络分析仪测试天线的端口特性,验证了天线的电压驻波比等参数。基于GTEM小室提供标准场,在不同工作频率下分别对四种天线样机的天线系数进行了标定,得到各天线系数的拟合公式与曲线。采用针-板放电模型作为局部放电源,基于脉冲电流法测量参考放电量,对所设计的天线进行了局部放电测试实验,采集天线接收到的局放信号波形。仿真和实验结果表明微带天线与缝隙天线工作带宽和增益较低;偶极子天线与螺旋天线在工作频带内损耗低、增益高、阻抗匹配效果较好,检测局部放电信号的效果良好。According to the demands of ultra-high frequency（ UHF） partial discharge（ PD） detection used in high voltage（ HV） electrical equipment,four kinds of miniaturized UHF antennas with different elements and sizes are designed and manufactured in this paper based on PCB technology. The performance parameters of the four antennas have been analyzed by simulation to test the feasibility of UHF antenna in PD detecting application. Their port characteristics,such as voltage standing wave ratio（ VSWR）,have been verified by vector network analyzer. The coefficients of the four antennas,which express the relationship between output signal and electric field strength under different frequencies,are calibrated in formulas and curves based on the standard EM field modulated in GTEM cell. A PD detecting experimental platform has been set up,using the point-plane discharge model as the partial discharge source and the pulse current detection method to measure the quantity of partial discharge signal. The experiments of UHF signals detection have been performed. It is proved by both simulations and experiments that the micro-strip antenna and the slot antenna have low bandwidth and gain. On the contrary,the dipole antenna and the spiral antenna have low loss,high gain and good impedance matching,and work well in UHF PD signal detection.

关 键 词：局部放电 超高频法 微带天线 缝隙天线 偶极子天线 螺旋天线 

分 类 号：TM933[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]