以多组分点击化学为基础的高分子合成——高分子合成的新机遇  

Multicomponent Click Chemistry in Polymer Synthesis—— New Opportunity for Polymer Chemistry

作　　者：陶磊[1] 赵原[1] 杨斌[1] 危岩[1] 吴海波[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学系生命有机磷化学及化学生物学教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《高分子学报》2016年第11期1482-1494,共13页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号21574073)资助项目

摘　　要：高分子合成是高分子学科的基础,合理选择有机反应制备新型聚合物是高分子合成方法学的重要研究内容.最近,利用多组分反应合成高分子引起了人们的广泛关注,成为高分子合成中充满活力的新领域.在研究多组分反应的过程中,人们发现了多组分反应与点击反应存在交集,并提出了多组分点击化学的概念,即某些高效、原子经济、环境友好的多组分反应也可视为点击反应.本文将系统介绍多组分点击反应的特点、以多组分点击反应为基础的聚合物合成方法、通过多组分点击反应得到的功能聚合物及其应用等,归纳总结这一新兴领域的初步结果,并对其未来发展提出一些拙见.Polymer synthesis is the starting point of polymer science, screening and using suitable organic reactions to prepare novel polymers is the core of polymer synthesis. Recently, polymer synthesis via multicomponent reactions （MCRs） has attracted widespread attention and is becoming a new vibrant branch of polymer chemistry. During the study of MCRs, the overlap between click chemistry and muhicomponent reactions has been discovered, leading to the concept of multicomponent click （MCC） chemistry, i. e. some highly efficient, atom economy multicomponent reactions, which only form harmless byproducts, can also be looked at as click reactions. The MCC reactions can work as efficient coupling tools like traditional two- component click reactions, meanwhile, new functional groups can be easily introduced due to the muhicomponent nature of those reactions. As a result, multifunctional polymers, which are normally prepared via laborious multi-step methods, can be facilely achieved through one-step MCC reactions, providing a new strategy to synthesize functional polymers for multipurpose applications. In this article, the similar characteristics of click chemistry and MCRs will be discussed to illuminate the concept of MCC chemistry. As concrete examples, the large-scaled prepared functional polymers via the Biginelli reaction （a typical MCC reaction） will be introduced, suggesting the Biginelli reaction an excellent elementary reaction for polymer synthesis. The chain-end or chain-middle modified polymers via the Ugi reaction （another typical MCC reaction） will also be presented,indicating the Ugi reaction a powerful tool for the preparation of high value- added polymers. In particular, the advantage and disadvantage of the Biginelli reaction and the Ugi reaction will be pointed out, respectively, and some perspectives for the future development of multicomponent click chemistry in polymer chemistry will be summarized.

关 键 词：高分子合成 多组分反应 点击化学 多组分点击化学 

分 类 号：O631.5[理学—高分子化学]