滨海盐碱地不同培肥方式对作物产量及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Mode on Crops Yield and Soil Fertility in Coastal Saline Soil

作　　者：王立艳[1] 肖辉[1] 程文娟[1] 赵杰[1] 王晓风[1] 潘洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《华北农学报》2016年第5期222-227,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B08);天津市科技支撑计划项目(13ZCZDNC09900)

摘　　要：为给滨海盐碱地区土壤培肥及作物高产高效提供一定的理论指导,采用随机区组试验设计,以滨海盐碱地冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式为例,通过大田试验,研究了氮肥、高效有机肥、改良剂不同配比对小麦、玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在滨海盐碱地上种植冬小麦施用氮肥、有机肥及土壤改良剂均可提高籽粒产量,且三者增产幅度分别为9.52%~29.52%,2.30%~17.82%,2.19%~11.48%;玉米季施用氮肥、有机肥均可提高玉米产量,增产幅度分别为29.37%~45.74%,1.69%~11.15%,小麦改良剂的后效对玉米也有明显增产效果,增产幅度为3.50%~8.33%。盐碱地施用氮肥、有机肥、改良剂对于提高土壤肥力效果明显,其中O3(N_2O3A2)效果最佳,土壤速效氮磷钾含量均最高;施用土壤改良剂能增加土壤有机质含量,且能降低土壤盐碱含量。通过建立施肥效应模型,获得本试验条件下周年小麦玉米总产量最高可达16 770.46 kg/hm^2,对应的氮肥、有机肥、改良剂周年施用量分别为763,2 250,3 167 kg/hm^2。因此,滨海盐碱地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式施肥应重视氮肥、有机肥及土壤改良剂的配合施用,可获得一定的作物高产。Based on randomized block experimental design,a field experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer,high efficiency organic fertilizer and amendments on wheat yield,maize yield and soil fertility in the rotation system of wheat and maize on coastal saline areas. The aim of these experiments was to providing a certain theoretical guidance about soil fertility and crop yield in coastal saline soil. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer,high efficiency organic fertilizer and amendments could increase grain yield of wheat. And the yield increased 9. 52%-29. 52%,2. 30%-17. 82%,2. 19%-11. 48% respectively. The application of nitrogen fertilizer,high efficiency organic fertilizer could increase grain yield of maize,and the yield increased 29. 37%-45. 74%,1. 69%-11. 15% respectively. There was obvious yield increasing effect on corn yield after wheat amendments,and the yield increased 3. 50%-8. 33%. Application of nitrogen fertilizer,high efficiency organic fertilizer and amendments had a significant effect on improving soil fertility in coastal saline soil. O3（ N2O3A2） had the highest available nitrogen,available phosphor,available potassium content in all treatments; Application of amendments increased soil organic matter content and decreased the soluble salt contents in soil. Under the conditions of this experiment,the highest wheat and maize annual production reached 16 770. 46 kg/ha,which obtained by mathematic simulation,and the optimum economic amounts of nitrogen fertilizer,organic fertilizer and amendment were 763,2 250,3 167 kg/ha,respectively. Therefore,in order to obtain high yield and get higher economic efficiency,we should pay attention to combine application among nitrogen fertilizer,high efficiency organic fertilizer and amendments in the rotation system of wheat and maize on coastal saline areas.

关 键 词：滨海盐碱地 小麦-玉米轮作 土壤肥力 肥料效应模型 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]