微波加热技术在非常规油资源中的研究现状与展望  

Progress in researches on microwave heating in unconventional oil resources

作　　者：杨兆中[1] 朱静怡[1] 李小刚[1] 罗丹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610500 [2]休斯敦大学,美国德克萨斯州休斯敦77204

出　　处：《化工进展》2016年第11期3478-3483,共6页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：十三五"国家科技重大专项(2016ZX044-04-02);2015年西南石油大学科研"启航计划

摘　　要：稠油、油页岩、油砂都需要通过加热的方式来开采或者提高油的品质,而微波加热则是一种高效、快速、洁净的新型加热方式,对实现非常规油资源低成本、高效率的开发具有重要意义。本文详细介绍和评述了微波加热技术在开采和处理上述三类非常规油资源中的应用。分析表明微波加热具有能量利用率高,对环境友好等特点,不仅能快速均匀地加热整个油层,而且在催化剂的作用下,可以使原油裂解和脱硫,从而提高原油的品质。总结得出研制大功率微波发生器与模拟更真实地层条件下的室内实验评价装置、开发纳米型微波添加剂、将微波加热技术与其他开采技术结合,是未来高效利用微波加热技术的发展方向。最后建议有关部门给予支持,先进行小区块的微波采油试验。Heavy oil,oil shale and oil sands need heating to exploit or upgrade the crude oil,whereas microwave heating is a new heating technology with high-efficiency,quickness and purity which has great significance in cutting costs and improving efficiency in the unconventional oil resources development. The applications of microwave heating technology in the above mentioned three kinds of oil resources are described and discussed in details. The analysis shows that the microwave heating,which is in high energy utilization and environmentally friendly,can not only heating the whole reservoir rapidly and uniformly,but also assist to perform desulfurization and cracking reactions in order to upgrade the crude oil under the effect of catalyst. Conclusions have been drawn that the researches on high power microwave generator and laboratory evaluation device with more realistic formation conditions and the development of nanometer microwave additives as well as the combining microwave heating with other exploitation methods are the directions of development in the future. In the end,it is suggested that the relevant departments should give support to do field test in the small block.

关 键 词：微波加热 稠油 油页岩 油砂 

分 类 号：TE34[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] O6-333[理学—化学]