油砂热解特性及工艺与装置研究开发现状与评述  

Status and commentary of research and development on oil sand pyrolysis characteristics with technology and equipment

作　　者：马小龙 张自生[1] 高鑫[1,2,3] 李鑫钢[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]精馏技术国家工程研究中心,天津300072 [3]天津化学化工协同创新中心,天津300072

出　　处：《化工进展》2016年第11期3484-3490,共7页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21336007)

摘　　要：油砂是一种储量巨大的非常规石油资源,油砂热解技术具有良好的工业化前景。本文概述了油砂热解的相关基础研究进展,包括油砂热解的3个阶段、气液固三相产物的性质及多种油砂热解动力学模型的总结。分析了常压干馏、惰性气体保护热解、加氢热解、减压热解及复合热解工艺,简述了不同工艺对产品收率和产品性质等方面的影响。回顾了油砂热解的装置,从固定床、旋转干馏炉、流化床干馏炉到Alberta Taciuk Process(ATP)装置,重点介绍了具有不同载热方式和能量回收方式的旋转干馏炉和流化床干馏炉。从能源利用效率的角度分析对比了各种热解工艺和热解设备的优势与劣势,阐明了降低能耗提高能源效率是热解技术的主要问题,进而提出了旋转干馏炉和流化床干馏炉具有更好的工业前景。Oil sand is a kind of unconventional oil resources and the pyrolysis technique of oil sand is suitable for industrial application. In this paper the fundamental research of oil sand pyrolysis was summarized,including the three stages of oil sand pyrolysis,properties of gaseous,liquid and solid products and various pyrolysis kinetic models of oil sand. Atmospheric retorting,pyrolysis under inert gas,hydropyrolysis,vacuum pyrolysis and combined pyrolysis technology were analyzed. The effects on the products yields and characteristics of different pyrolysis technologies were reviewed. The pyrolysis equipment were summarized,including fixed bed reactor,rotary retort,fluidized-bed retort and Alberta Taciuk Process（ATP） reactor. And special emphasis was placed on the rotary and fluidized-bed retorts using different ways of heat carrier and energy recovery. From the perspective of energy efficiency,the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and equipments were analyzed by comparison. It was indicated that reducing energy consumption and improving energy efficiency were the key problems of pyrolysis technologies. Furthermore,the rotary and fluidized-bed retorts were more suitable for industrial application.

关 键 词：油砂 热解 工艺 反应器 旋转干馏炉 流化床 

分 类 号：TE09[石油与天然气工程]