西部地区综合医院压疮发生的临床特征及原因分析  

Clinical features and reasons of pressure ulcers in general hospital of western regions

作　　者：吴越香[1] 马富珍[2] 张小丽[1] 赵旭晖[1] 丁雯[3] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学总医院门诊换药室,银川750004 [2]宁夏医科大学总医院心脏外科监护室,银川750004 [3]宁夏医科大学总医院护理部,银川750004

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2016年第27期3874-3877,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：南京军区科技创新课题（14MS103）

摘　　要：目的：分析西部地区住院患者压疮发生的临床特征及原因，为实施有效预防及压疮管理提供依据。方法统一培训护士，采用欧洲压疮专家组设计的资料收集工具和美国的压疮现患率调查工具，分别于2015年1月和4月选取1 d调研日对宁夏地区最大的三级甲等综合医院51个病区采取便利整群抽样18岁以上、住院≥24 h的住院患者进行压疮横断面调研。结果现场调查3654例患者，年龄≥18岁，男性1894例，女性1760例，有压疮危险者332例（Braden量表评分≤16分），占9.08％，发现压疮31例35处，压疮现患率为0.85％，院内压疮发生率为0.47％；临床特征以Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期为主，占77.42％（24/31）；压疮好发部位主要为骶尾部、髂嵴、坐骨结节及足踝；预防措施落实情况：使用减压装置者占调研总人数的4.93％（180/3654），占有压疮危险者的54.22％（180/332）；受压部位使用减压敷料者占调研总人数的2.49％（91/3654），占压疮危险者的27.41％（91/332），有规律翻身者占总人数的11.49％（330/3654），占压疮危险者的99.40％（330/332）。结论西部地区综合医院压疮现患率及院内发生率均低于国内外相关研究，临床特征与国内12所综合医院类似，预防措施落实率有待改善，建议西部地区医院要加强院内压疮护理知识培训和提高压疮预防护理的落实率。Objective To analyze the clinical features and reasons of pressure ulcers in general hospital of western regions, and provide references for effective prevention and management of pressure ulcer. Methods Hospitalized patients who meet the conditions （≥18 year-old, hospital stay≥24 h ） in 51 wards of the largest tertiary comprehensive hospital in Ningxia were investigated by data collection tools that designed by European pressure ulcer advisory panel （EPUAP） and American survey instrument of pressure ulcer prevalence rate. For the cross-sectional survey on pressure ulcer, nurses were training and one day respectively in January and April 2015 were selected as the research day. Results Totally 3654 patients were investigated, among which there were 1894 male patients and 1760 female patients. 332 patients had the risk of pressure ulcer （ Braden score≤16 points ） , which accounted for 9.08%;31 cases and 35 parts were found with the pressure ulcer and the prevalence rate of pressure ulcer was 0.85%;the occurrence rate in hospital was 0.47%. Clinical features were mainly stage I and stage II, which accounted for 77. 42% （ 24/31 ）; body parts with high occurrence of pressure ulcer were sacrococcygeal region, crista iliaca, ischial tuberosity and ankle. Implementation of prevention measures： patients with decompressor using accounted for 4. 93 among all researchers （ 180/3 654 ） , and accounted 54. 22% among patients with risk of pressure ulcer （ 180/332 ）;patients with dressing to reduce pressure on pressed parts that accounted 2. 49% among all researchers （91/3 654）, and accounted 27.41% among patients with risk of pressure ulcer （91/332）;patients with regular turning over accounted for 11. 49% among all researchers （ 330/3 654 ） , and accounted for 99. 4% among patients with risk of pressure ulcer （ 330/332 ） . Conclusions The prevalence rate and occurrence rate pf pressure ulcer in comprehensive hospitals of western area are all lower than those in researches home and

关 键 词：横断面研究 医院内获得性压疮 临床特征 预防 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]