生物炭对土壤水分蒸发的影响  

Effect of biochar addition on soil evaporation

作　　者：许健[1] 牛文全[1,2] 张明智[3] 李元[1] 吕望[3] 李康勇[3] 邹小阳[2] 梁博惠 XU Jian NIU Wen-quan ZHANG Ming- zhi LI Yuan LYU Wang LI Kang-yong ZOU Xiao-yang LIANG Bo-hui(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences ＆ Ministry of Water Resources, Yang_ ling 712100, Shaanxi, China College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, North- west A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第11期3505-3513,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家高新技术研究发展计划项目(2011AA100507)资助~~

摘　　要：为确定干旱区生物炭的合理施用量及其对土壤水文过程的影响,采用室内土柱试验,研究了3种生物炭添加量(5%、10%和15%)和4种生物炭类型(d<0.25 mm竹炭、0.25 mm<d<1 mm竹炭、d<0.25 mm木炭和0.25 mm<d<1 mm木炭;d为粒径)对地下水补给、土壤持水能力、土壤水分上升运动和蒸发的影响.结果表明:生物炭对地下水补给、土壤持水能力、土壤水分上升运动和蒸发都有明显影响,但生物炭原料和粒径不同,其影响效果不同;随生物炭施加量的升高,地下水对土壤补给量增大;添加生物炭可提高土壤持水能力,促进土壤水含量的上升速度,其中,添加竹炭效果大于木炭,小粒径生物炭大于大粒径生物炭;生物炭添加量较低(5%)时能有效抑制土壤蒸发,但添加量过高则可能促进土壤蒸发.干旱地区土壤适当施用生物炭可提高土壤保墒能力.In order to determine the rational amount of biochar application and its effect on soil hydrological processes in arid area, soil column experiments were conducted in the laboratory using three biochar additions （5%, 10% and 15%） and four different bioehar types （d〈0.25 mm bamboo charcoal, 0.25 mm 〈d〈l mm bamboo charcoal, d〈0.25 mm wood charcoal and 0.25 mm 〈d〈l mm wood charcoal; d is particle size） to study their impact on the phreatic water recharge, soil water- holding capacity, capillary water upward movement and soil evaporation. The results showed that the addition of biochar could change the phreatic water recharge, soil water-holding capacity, capillary water upward movement and soil evaporation obviously. But the effects were different depending on the type of biochar raw material and the size of particle. The phreatic water recharge increased with the increasing amount of bioehar addition. The addition of biochar could obviously enlarge the soil with small particle size had greater impact than that with big particle size. The biochar could effec- tively restrain the soil evaporation at a low addition amount （5%）. But it definitely promoted the soil evaporation if the addition amount was very high. In arid area, biochar addition in appropriate amount could improve soil water retention capacity.

关 键 词：生物炭 粒径 土壤水分上升运动 蒸发 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]