中国水稻区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究  

Studies on recommended nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application rates and special fertilizer formulae for different rice production regions in China

作　　者：吴良泉[1,2] 武良[1] 崔振岭[1] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心,北京100193 [2]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州350002

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2016年第9期1-13,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013;201103003)

摘　　要：在总结分析2005—2010年在全国水稻主产区进行的1 190、9 608和9 490组氮、磷和钾肥肥效试验并参考有关文献资料的基础上,将我国水稻主产区分为5个大区和9个施肥亚区,并对8个施肥亚区(除了Ⅴ区外)的氮磷钾肥优化用量及肥料配方进行系统研究。结果表明:东北单季稻区(Ⅰ)、长江流域单双季稻区(Ⅱ)及江南丘陵山地单双季稻区(Ⅲ)的单季稻产量水平较高(8.3~9.0t/hm^2),长江中游单双季稻区(Ⅱ-2)和江南华南单双季稻区(Ⅲ)的早晚稻及西南高原丘陵单季稻区(Ⅳ)的产量较低(6.8~7.5t/hm^2);我国水稻8个施肥亚区的氮肥推荐用量平均为N 172kg/hm^2,其中以东北寒地单季稻区(Ⅰ-1)最低(N 116kg/hm^2),长江下游单季稻区(Ⅱ-3)最高(N_2 56kg/hm^2);磷肥推荐用量平均为P_2O_5 71kg/hm^2,江南华南单双季稻区(Ⅲ)的早晚稻最低(P_2O_5 59kg/hm^2),长江下游单季稻区(Ⅱ-3)最高(P_2O_5 84kg/hm^2);钾肥推荐用量平均为K_2O 62kg/hm^2,以东北寒地单季稻区(Ⅰ-1)最低(K_2O 45kg/hm^2),华南平原丘陵双季稻区(Ⅲ-2)晚稻最高(K_2O 80kg/hm^2)。针对我国水稻的8个施肥亚区总共确定了11个区域肥料配方,其中包括7个高浓度配方和4个中低浓度配方。长江流域单双季稻区(Ⅱ)应适当增加磷肥的投入以提高土壤磷肥力水平,同时应加强中低浓度配方肥的应用。This study summarized and analyzed a total of 1 190,9 608 and 9 490 on-farm experiments with various rates of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K）, conducted during 2005-2010 across major agro-ecological regions of rice production in China. Based on the data obtained and literature analysis, China rice production area was divided into 5 major agro-ecological regions and 9 sub-regions. Optimal rates of N, P and K and formulated optimized compound fertilizer for 8 sub-regions （excluding region Ⅴ） were estimated. The results showed that single rice yield in the Northeast China （region I ） ,Yangtze River （region Ⅱ） and the South China （region Ⅲ） was 8.3 - 9.0 t/hm^2 ,which was higher than that of single rice in Southwest China （region Ⅳ） ,and as well as that of early rice and late rice in the middle reaches of Yangtze River （sub-region Ⅱ -2） and the South China （region Ⅲ） （6.8 - 7.5 t/hm^2 ）. Nationally, the optimal rates of N across all the 8 sub-regions were N 172 kg/ha and ranged from 116 kg/ha in the cold sub-region in the Northeast China （ Ⅰ-1 ） to 256 kg/hm^2 in the lower reaches of Yangtze River sub-region （ Ⅱ-3）. The optimal rates of P were P2O5 71 kg/hm^2 and ranged from 59 kg/hm^2 for early rice and late rice in the South China （Ⅲ） to 84 kg/hm^2 for single rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River sub-region （Ⅱ-3）. The optimal rates of K were K2O 62 kg/hm^2 and ranged from 45 kg/hm^2 for single rice in the cold sub-region in the Northeast China （Ⅰ-1） to 80 kg/hm^2 for late rice in the plain and hilly sub-region in the South China （Ⅲ-2）. A total of 11 regional special fertilizer formulae were designed for the 8 rice sub-regions, including 7 compound fertilizer formulae with high nutrient concentration and 4 with medium concentration. In general, more attention should be paid to Yangtze River region, where P fertilizer input should be increased slightly to build-up soil P, and the application of medium nutri

关 键 词：水稻 区域 养分推荐用量 配方 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]