学龄前儿童支气管哮喘影响因素调查研究  

Bronchial asthma and its risk factors in preschool children

作　　者：陈钊[1,2] 郭欣瑜 欧莉莉[3] 黎柳婷 罗嘉莹[4] 

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学,广东广州511436 [2]广州医科大学附属第一医院免疫室,广东广州510120 [3]广州医科大学附属第一医院微创外科中心泌尿外科广东省重点泌尿外科实验室,广东广州510120 [4]广州医科大学附属第一医院呼吸疾病国家重点实验室广东省广州呼吸疾病研究所,广东广州510120

出　　处：《中国医刊》2016年第11期63-66,共4页Chinese Journal of Medicine

基　　金：广东省广州市医药卫生科技项目(20161A011066)

摘　　要：目的分析广东省广州市学龄前儿童支气管哮喘患病率及其影响因素。方法采用随机整体抽样方法在广东省广州市内抽取不同地方的幼儿园的儿童家长完成统一的问卷。使用SPSS软件分析个人、遗传及环境因素与哮喘的关系。问卷总数697份,废卷63份,有效问卷634份,有效应答率91%。结果 634份有效问卷中,男335例,占52.8%;女299例,占47.2%,平均年龄(4.4±1.0)岁。儿童支气管哮喘的患病率为3.8%。使用spearman相关分析法对儿童自身各类过敏史进行关联性的分析:支气管哮喘与眼部过敏症、过敏性鼻炎相关的关联系数差异有显著性(P<0.05)。运用logistic回归分析可得,父亲有过敏性皮炎史,母亲有过敏性鼻炎史、过敏性皮炎史,兄弟姐妹有支气管哮喘史,儿童患支气管哮喘疾病的风险会增加(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析环境因素和儿童哮喘的相关性,家是否邻近大马路、学校是否邻近大马路、宠物、花草、毛绒或泡沫玩具、家中是否有人吸烟、地板材料、枕头材料、被子材料均与儿童患病率无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在广州市内影响哮喘患病率的自身过敏因素与国外略有不同,家长或监护人应注意家族遗传过敏史以及儿童自身过敏史,做到早期预防支气管哮喘。Objective To analyze the prevalence and influence factors of bronchial asthma among preschool children in Guangzhou.Method This investigation was completed through utilizing random overall sampling method to select parents of children from kindergartens in different regions of Guangzhou,a unified questionnaire was applied in this research.A total of 697 questionnaires were distributed,including 63 invalid and 634 valid ones,with an effective response rate of 91%.The relationship between individual characteristics、genetic factor、environment factor and asthma were analyzed by SPSS software.Result For those valid questionnaires,there were 335 male（52.8%）,299 female（47.2%）,the average age was（4.4±1.0） years.The prevalence of childhood asthma was 3.8%.Spearman correlation analysis method was applied to conduct the correlation analysis on history of all allergies in children：There were statistically significant differences in coefficient of correlation between bronchial asthma and eye allergies,as well as allergic rhinitis（P〈0.05）.Logistic regression analysis was performed,and the results showed that,if fathers had history of atopic dermatitis;mothers had history of allergic rhinitis and history of atopic dermatitis;brothers and sisters had history of bronchial asthma;children may have a higher risk of bronchial asthma（P〈0.05）.Applied logistic regression analysis of environment factors in children asthma,we can found that home or school near the road;long-term exposure to plush or bubble toys;pet ownership;passive smoking,the material of pillow、quilt and flooring,the risk of children with asthma did not increase.Conclusion In Guangzhou,the factors of self-allergy influencing the prevalence of asthma are slightly different from those studied in other countries.Parents or guardians should pay attention to the family history of allergies and the history of children＇s own allergies,in order to prevent bronchial asthma early.

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 儿童 问卷调查 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]